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**Dov Yarden Hebrew and Arabic linguistic Seminar at the École Normale**
Workshops on Semitic Syntax and Morphology
# Comparative Hebrew-Arabic lexicon
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|`ʔāxar` آخَر|another, other|אַחֵר|ʔaḥēr|*idem*|
|`ʔāya` آيَة|sign, mark; miracle|אוֹת|ʔōt|sign, token; miracle|
|`ʔab` أَب|father|אָב|ʔāv|*idem*|
|`ʔatqana` أَتْقَنَ|to make perfect|תִקֵּן|tiqqēn|to repair|
|`ʔataā` أَتَى|to come|אָתָה, אָתָא|ʔātāh, ʔātāʔ|*idem*|
|`ʔaθar` أَثَر|trace; ancient monument|אֲתַר|ʔătar|historic site|
|`ʔajr` أَجْر|wages, pay|אֲגוֹרָה|ʔăgōrā|small coin|
|`ʔaḥad` أَحَد|one|אֶחָד|ʔeḥād|*idem*|
|`ʔax` أَخ|brother|אָח|ʔāḥ|*idem*|
|`ʔuxt` أُخْت|sister|אָחוֹת|ʔāḥōt|*idem*|
|`ʔaxaða` أَخَذَ|to take, seize|אָחַז|ʔāḥaz|to seize, grasp|
|`ʔaxīr؛ ʔāxir` أَخِير؛ آخِر|last (adj.)|אַחֲרוֹן|ʔaḥărōn|*idem*|
|`ʔadīb` أَدِيب|cultured, refined, well-mannered|אָדִיב|ʔādīv|polite, courteous|
|`ʔuðn` أُذْن|ear|אֹזֶן|ʔọzen|*idem*|
|`ʔarāqa` أَرَاقَ|to pour out, shed, spill|הֵרִיק|hērīq|to empty, pour out|
|`ʔarbaʕa` أَرْبَعَة|four|אַרְבַּע|ʔarbaʕ|*idem*|
|`ʔurjuwān` أُرْجُوَان|purple|אַרְגְּוָן|ʔargǝwān|*idem*|
|`ʔruzz` أرُزّ|rice|אֹרֶז|ʔọrez|*idem*|
|`ʔarz` أَرْز|cedar|אֶרֶז|ʔerez|*idem*|
|`ʔarḍ` أَرْض|earth, land, country, ground|אֶרֶץ|ʔereṣ|*idem*|
|`ʔarmala` أَرْمَلَة|widow|אַלְמָנָה|ʔalmānā|*idem*|
|`ʔaranab` أَرَْنَب|hare|אַרְנָב|ʔarnāv|*idem*|
|`ʔarhana` أَرْهَنَ|to pawn, pledge|הִרְהִין|hirhīn|*idem*|
|`ʔusbūʕ` أُسْبُوع|week|שָׁבוּעַ|šāvūaʕ|*idem*|
|`ʔasara` أَسَرَ|to bind|אָסַר|ʔāsar|*idem*|
|`ʔasīr` أَسِير|prisoner|אַסִּיר|ʔassīr|*idem*|
|`ʔaṣīl` أَصِيل|of noble origin; deep-rooted|אָצִיל|ʔāṣīl|noble, aristocrat|
|`ʔafrada` أَفْرَدَ|to separate, segregate, isolate|הִפְרִיד|hifrīd|*idem*|
|`ʔafʕān` أَفْعَان|viper|אֶפְעֶה|ʔefʕeh|*idem*|
|`ʔufuq` أُفُق|horizon|אֹפֶק|ʔọfeq|*idem*|
|`ʔaqlama` أَقْلَمَ|to acclimate|אִקְלֵם|ʔiqlēm|*idem*|
|`ʔakkār` أَكَّار|plowman|אִכָּר|ʔikkār|farmer|
|`ʔakala` أَكَلَ|to eat|אָכַל|ʔāxal|*idem*|
|`ʔallifa` أَلِّفَ|to accustom, to tame|אִלֵּף|ʔillēf|to train, tame, teach|
|`ʔalf` أَلْف|thousand|אֶלֶף|ʔelef|*idem*|
|`ʔuumm` أُُمّ|mother|אֵם|ʔēm|*idem*|
|`ʔm` أمة|maid, slave-girl|אָמָה|ʔāmā|maid, servant|
|`ʔumma` أُمَّة|nation, people|אוּמָּה|ʔūmmā|*idem*|
|`ʔamara` أَمَرَ|to command|אָמַר|ʔāmar|to say|
|`ʔams` أَمْس|yesterday|אֶמֶשׁ|ʔemeš|last night|
|`ʔanna` أَنَّ|to wail, groan|אָנָה|ʔānā|to lament, mourn|
|`ʔanā` أَنَا|I|אֲנִי|ʔănī|*idem*|
|`ʔunbūb` أُنْبُوب|pipe, tube, cylinder|נָבַב|nāvav|to hollow out|
|`ʔanta` أَنْتَ|you (m.)|אַתָּה|ʔattā|*idem*|
|`ʔanti` أَنْتِ|you (f.)|אַתְּ|ʔattǝ|*idem*|
|`ʔanšaʔa` أَنْشَأَ|to cause to rise|נִשָּׂא|niśśāʔ|to be lifted up, exalted|
|`ʔanf` أَنْف|nose|אַף|ʔaf|*idem*|
|`ʔahl` أَهْل|family; people; inhabitants|אֹהֶל|ʔọhel|tent|
|`ʔaw` أَو|or|אוֹ|ʔō|*idem*|
|`ʔayyil` أَيِّل|stag|אַיָּל|ʔayyāl|*idem*|
|`ʔibzīm` إِبْزِيم|buckle (n.)|אַבְזֵם|ʔavzēm|*idem*|
|`ʔibn` إِبْن|son|בֵּן|bēn|*idem*|
|`ʔibn ʔādam` إِبْن آدَم|human being|בֶּן–אָדָם|ben–ʔādām|*idem*|
|`ʔibhām` إِبْهَام|thumb, big toe|בֹּהֶן|bọhen|*idem*|
|`ʔiθm` إِثْم|sin, misdeed|אַשְׁמָה|ʔašmā|guilt, blame|
|`ʔiθnān` إِثْنَان|two|שְׁנַיִם|šǝnayim|*idem*|
|`ʔijjāṣ` إِجَّاص|pear|אַגָּס|ʔaggās|*idem*|
|`ʔizdawaja` إِزْدَوَجَ|to pair, be in pairs, be double|הִזְדַּוֵג|hizdawēg|to be paired, mated|
|`ʔist` إِسْت|anus|שֵׁת|šēt|buttocks|
|`ʔism` إِسْم|name|שֵׁם|šēm|*idem*|
|`ʔiṣbaʕ` إِصْبَع|finger, toe|אֶצְבַּע|ʔeṣbaʕ|*idem*|
|`ʔiqlīm` إِقْلِيم|climate|אַקְלִים|ʔaqlīm|*idem*|
|`ʔilā` إِلى|to, toward, until|אֶל|ʔel|to, towards, at|
|`ʔimān` إِمَان|faith|אֱמוּנָה|ʔĕmūnā|*idem*|
|`ʔintaḥala` إِنْتَحَلَ|to claim for o.s.|הִתְנַחֵל|hitnaḥēl|to acquire as a possession|
|`ʔinsān` إِنْسَان|man|אֱנוֹשׁ|ʔĕnōš|*idem*|
|`al-raḥmān` الرَحْمَان|The Merciful (God)|רַחֲמָן; הָרַחֲמָן|raḥămān; hāraḥămān|merciful, compassionate; The Merciful (God)|
|`al-lh` الله|God|אֱלֹהִים|ʔĕlọhīm|*idem*|
|`bi` بِ|in, at, on, with|בְּ|bǝ|in, by, at, with|
|`buʔbuʔ` بُؤْبُؤْ|root, core; pupil (eye)|בָּבָה|bābā|pupil (eye)|
|`biʔr` بِئْر|well (water)|בְּאֵר|bǝʔēr|*idem*|
|`bāʔa` بَاءَ|to return, come back with|בָּא|bāʔ|to come, arrive, enter|
|`bāra` بَارَ|to be uncultivated, lie fallow|בָּר|bār|*idem*|
|`bāraka` بَارَكَ|to bless|בֵּרַךְ|bērax|*idem*|
|`batūl` بَتُول|virgin|בְּתוּלָה|bǝtūlā|*idem*|
|`baθan` بَثَن|cobra|פֶּתֶן|peten|*idem*|
|`barr` بَرّ|land, open country|בַּר|bar|prairie, field|
|`barr` بَرّ|reverent, pious|בַּר|bar|pure, clean|
|`burr` بُرّ|wheat|בָּר|bār|grain|
|`baraʔa` بَرَأَ|to create (said of God)|בָּרַא|bāraʔ|to create|
|`bariḥa` بَرِحَ|to leave, depart|בָּרַח|bāraḥ|to flee|
|`barad` بَرَد|hail (n.)|בָּרָד|bārād|*idem*|
|`burǧūθ` بُرْغُوث|flea|פַּרְעוֹשׁ|parʕōš|*idem*|
|`burǧī` بُرْغِي|screw (n.)|בֹֹֹֹֹֹּרֶג|bọọọọọọreg|*idem*|
|`barq` بَرْق|lightning|בָּרָק|bārāq|*idem*|
|`baraka` بَرَكَ|to kneel down|בָּרַךְ|bārax|*idem*|
|`birka` بِرْكَة|small lake, puddle, pool|בְּרֵכָה|bǝrēxā|pool, pond|
|`barīʔ` بَرِيء|innocent, recovered (illness)|בָּרִיא|bārīʔ|healthy|
|`bazza` بَزَّ|to steal, rob|בָּזַז|bāzaz|to plunder, pillage|
|`bustān` بُسْتَان|garden|בֻּסְתָּן|bustān|*idem*|
|`basaṭa` بَسَطَ|to spread |פָּשַׁט|pāšaṭ|to spread|
|`basīṭ` بَسِيط|simple|פָּשׁוּת|pāšūt|*idem*|
|`baššara` بَشَّرَ|to bring good tidings|בִּשֵּׂר|biśśēr|*idem*|
|`bašara` بَشَرَة|skin|בָּשָׂר|bāśār|flesh|
|`baṣal` بَصَل|onions|בָָּצָל|bāāṣāl|onion|
|`biṭāqa` بِطَاقَة|slip, tag, card, ticket, label|פִּתְקָה|pitqā|note, piece of paper|
|`bṭṭl` بطّل|to abolish, cancel, annul|בִּטֵּל|biṭṭēl|to suspend, abolish, cancel|
|`baṭn` بَطْن|belly|בֶּטֶן|beṭen|*idem*|
|`baʕl` بَعْل|lord, husband|בַּעַל|baʕal|owner, husband|
|`baʕīr` بَعِير|camel|בְּעִיר|bǝʕīr|beast, cattle|
|`baǧata` بَغَتَ|to surprise|בִּעֵת|biʕēt|to terrify|
|`baqbaqa` بَْقبَقَ|to gurgle, to bubble|בַּקְבּוּק|baqbūq|bottle|
|`baqar` بَقَر|cattle|בָּקַר|bāqar|*idem*|
|`bikr` بِكْر|first-born|בְּכוֹר|bǝxōr|*idem*|
|`bakaā` بَكَى|to cry|בָּכָה|bāxā|*idem*|
|`bal` بَلْ|but|אֲבָל|ʔăvāl|*idem*|
|`bilā` بِلَا|without|בְּלִי|bǝlī|*idem*|
|`balbala` بَلْبَلَ|to disturb, confuse|בִּלְבֵּל|bilbēl|to confuse|
|`balaaʕa` بَلََعَ|to swallow|בָּלַע|bālaʕ|*idem*|
|`ballūṭ` بَلُّوط|oak, acorn|בַּלּוּט|ballūṭ|acorn|
|`baliya` بَلِيَ|to be worn out|בָּלַה|bālah|*idem*|
|`bint` بِنْت|daughter|בַּת|bat|*idem*|
|`bunyān` بُنْيَان|building (n.)|בִּנְיָן|binyān|*idem*|
|`bahīma` بَهِيمَة|beast, animal|בְּהֵמָה|bǝhēmā|animal, beast|
|`būl` بُول|postage stamp|בּוּל|būl|*idem*|
|`bayt` بَيْت|house|בַּיִת|bayit|*idem*|
|`bayḍa` بَيْضَة|egg|בֵּיצָה|bêṣā|*idem*|
|`bayna` بَينَ|between; among|בֵּין|bên|*idem*|
|`taʔrīx` تَأْرِيخ|date (time); history|תַּאֲרִיךְ|taʔărīxǝ|date (time)|
|`taʔšīra` تَأْشِيرَة|official endorsement, visa|אַשְׁרָה|ʔašrā|visa|
|`tabūt` تابُوت|box, chest, coffin|תֵּבָה|tēvā|ark, chest, box|
|`tājir` تَاجِر|merchant|תָּגָר|tāgār|*idem*|
|`tāmm` تَامّ| complete, perfect|תָּם|tām|complete, perfect|
|`tabbal-a` تَبَّلَ|to spice, season|תִּבֵּל|tibbēl|*idem*|
|`tibn` تِبْن|straw, chaff|תֶּבֶן|teven|*idem*|
|`taḥt` تَحْت|under|תַּחַת|taḥat|*idem*|
|`taxrīma` تَخْرِيمَة|lace, latticework|חֵרֶם|ḥērem|fishing-net|
|`taxama` تَخَمَ|to fix the limits of|תָּחַם|tāḥam|to mark the limits of |
|`tarbiyya` تَرْبِيَّة|education, training, upbringing|תַרְבּוּת|tarbūt|upbringing, education; culture|
|`tarjama` تَرْجَمَ|to translate|תִּרְגֵּם|tirgēm|*idem*|
|`tisʕa` تِسْعَة|nine|תִּשְׁעָה|tišʕā|*idem*|
|`tuffāḥ` تُفَّاح|apple|תָּפּוּחַ|tāppūaḥ|*idem*|
|`tafsīr` تَفْسِير|interpretation|פֶּשֶׁר|pešer|*idem*|
|`tall` تَلّ|hill, elevation|תֵּל|tēl|mound, hill, heap|
|`talam` تَلَم|furrow|תֶּלֶם|telem|furrow, ridge|
|`tmr` تمْر|dates (fruit)|תָּמָר|tāmār|date (fruit)|
|`tmrīn` تْمرِين|exercise, drill|תִּמְרוּן|timrūn|maneuver|
|`tanūr` تَنُور|oven|תָּנוּר|tānūr|*idem*|
|`tinnīn` تِنِّين|dragon|תַּנִּים|tannīm|serpent, sea-monster; crocodile|
|`tawʔam` تَوْأَم|twin|תְּאוּם|tǝʔūm|*idem*|
|`tūt` تُوت|mulberry|תּוּת|tūt|berry, mulberry|
|`tays` تَيْس|billy goat|תַּיִשׁ|tayiš|he-goat|
|`tīn` تِين|fig|תְּאֵנָה|tǝʔēnā|*idem*|
|`θaʔara` ثَأَرَ|to take blood revenge|שַׁאֲרָה|šaʔărā|blood relation|
|`θāba` ثَابَ|to return, come back|שָׁב|šāv|*idem*|
|`θāniya` ثَانِيَة|second (time unit)|שְׁנִיָה|šǝniyā|*idem*|
|`θabara` ثَبَرَ|to destroy, ruin|שָׁבַר|šāvar|to break|
|`θady` ثَدْي|breast|שָׁד|šād|*idem*|
|`θuʕāla` ثُعَالَة|fox|שׁוּעָל|šūʕāl|*idem*|
|`θuǧra` ثُغْرَة|crack, opening|שָׁעָר|šāʕār|gate|
|`θakila` ثَكِلَ|to be bereaved of|שָׁכֹל, שָׁכַל|šāxọl, šāxal|*idem*|
|`θalāθa` ثَلَاثَة|three|שְׁלֹשָה|šǝlọšā|*idem*|
|`θalj` ثَلْج|snow (n.)|שֶׁלֶג|šeleg|*idem*|
|`θamm` ثَمّ|there|שָׁם|šām|*idem*|
|`θamāniya` ثَمَانِيَة|eight|שְׁמוֹנֶה|šǝmōneh|*idem*|
|`θawr` ثَوْر|bull, ox|שׁוֹר|šōr|*idem*|
|`θūm` ثُوم|garlic|שׁוּם|šūm|*idem*|
|`jār` جَار|neighbor; refugee|גֵּר|gēr|resident in a foreign land|
|`jabbār` جَبَّار|giant, almighty|גִּבּוֹר|gibbōr|mighty|
|`jabal` جَبَل|mountain|גְּבוּל|gǝvūl|border|
|`jubna` جُبْنَة|cheese|גְּבִינָה|gǝvīnā|*idem*|
|`jabha` جَبْهَة|forehead, brow|גַּבָּה|gabbā|eyebrow|
|`jadd` جَدّ|good luck, fortune|גַּד|gad|good fortune|
|`jadr` جَدْر|wall|גָּדָר|gādār|fence, wall|
|`jadaʕa` جَدَعَ|to cut off, amputate|גָּדַע|gādaʕ|*idem*|
|`jaddafa` جَدَّفَ|to curse, blaspheme|גִּדֵּף|giddēf|to insult, blaspheme|
|`jady` جَدْي|kid (goat)|גְּדִי|gǝdī|*idem*|
|`jiðr` جِذْر|root|גֶּזֶר|gezer|carrot|
|`jaðama` جَذَمَ|to cut off (esp. body part)|גָּדַם|gādam|to cripple, maim|
|`jarra` جَرَّ|to pull|גָּרַר|gārar|*idem*|
|`jurāb` جُرَاب|sock|גֶרֶב|gerev|*idem*|
|`jirān` جِرَان|camel’s neck|גָּרוֹן|gārōn|neck|
|`jarjara` جَرْجَرَ|to gargle|גִּרְגֵר|girgēr|*idem*|
|`jarada` جَرَدَ|to peel|גָּרַד|gārad|to scratch, scrape|
|`jarafa` جَرَفَ|to sweep away, wash away|גָּרַף|gāraf|to sweep away, clean|
|`jurn` جُرْن|threshing floor|גּוֹרֶן|gōren|*idem*|
|`jarw` جَرْو|cub, puppy|גּוּר|gūr|cub|
|`jazza` جَزَّ|to cut off, clip, shear|גָּזַז|gāzaz|to shear, clip|
|`jazar` جَزَر|carrots|גֶּזֶר|gezer|carrot|
|`jazara` جَزَرَ|to slaughter|גָּזַר|gāzar|to cut|
|`jassa` جَسَّ|to touch, feel, handle|גִּשֵּׁשׁ|giššēš|to feel, grope, probe|
|`jismī` جِسْمِي|bodily, physical|גַשְׁמִי|gašmī|physical, bodily|
|`jaʕjaʕa` جَعْجَعَ|to gobble; to make a fuss; to make a noise|גִּעְגַע|giʕgaʕ|to bleat, cry|
|`jafna` جَفْنَة|grapevine|גֶּפֶן|gefen|*idem*|
|`jalaa` جَلاَ|to depart, evacuate|גָּלָה|gālā|to go into exile|
|`jalaa` جَلاَ|to reveal, polish, make clear|גָּלָה|gālā|to reveal, uncover|
|`jaliḥa` جَلِحَ|to be bald|גִּלַּח|gillaḥ|to shave|
|`jild` جِلْد|skin|גֶּלֶד|geled|*idem*|
|`jalī` جَلِي|evident|גָּלוּי|gālūy|*idem*|
|`jalīd` جَلِيد|ice|גְּלִיד|gǝlīd|ice |
|`jumjuma` جُمْجُمَة|skull|גֻּלְגֹּלֶת|gulgọlet|*idem*|
|`jamal` جَمَل|camel|גָּמָל|gāmāl|*idem*|
|`janna` جَنَّة|garden, paradise|גָּן|gān|garden|
|`jahannam` جَهَنَّم|hell|גֵּיהִנּוֹם|gêhinnōm|*idem*|
|`jawz` جَوْز|walnut|אֱגוֹז|ʔĕgōz|*idem*|
|`jaayyaša` جََيَّشَ|to mobilize (troops)|גִּיֵּס|giyyēs|*idem*|
|`ḥāxām` حَاخَام|rabbi|חָכָם|ḥāxām|wise, intelligent; sage, wise man|
|`ḥāmiḍ` حَامِض|acid, sour|חוֹמֶץ|ḥōmeṣ|acid, vinegar|
|`ḥānūt` حَانُوت|tavern; shop (n.)|חָנוּת|ḥānūt|shop, store (n.)|
|`ḥabba` حَبَّ|to love|חָבַב|ḥāvav|*idem*|
|`ḥabbār` حَبَّار|trace, mark (of blows), welt|חַבּוּרָה|ḥabbūrā|wound|
|`ḥabal` حَبَل|pregnancy|חִבּוּל|ḥibbūl|*idem*|
|`ḥabl` حَبْل|rope|חֶבֶל|ḥevel|*idem*|
|`ḥajj` حَجّ|pilgrimage|חַג|ḥag|festival, holiday|
|`ḥajal` حَجَل|partridge, quail|חָגְלָה|ḥāgǝlā|*idem*|
|`ḥadda` حَدَّ|to sharpen|חִדֵּד|ḥiddēd|*idem*|
|`ḥadd` حَدّ|edge|חוֹד|ḥōd|*idem*|
|`ḥadīθ` حَدِيث|modern|חָדָשׁ|ḥādāš|new|
|`ḥarba` حَرْبَة|lance, spear|חֶרֶב|ḥerev|sword, knife|
|`ḥaraθa` حَرَثَ|to plow|חָרַשׁ|ḥāraš|to plow, to engrave|
|`ḥaraša` حَرَشَ|to scratch|חָרַשׁ|ḥāraš|to plow, to engrave|
|`ḥarf` حَرْف|sharp edge, cutting edge|חָרִיף|ḥārīf|sharp, acute|
|`ḥaraqa` حَرَقَ|to burn|חָרַךְ|ḥārax|to singe, char, burn|
|`ḥirm` حِرْم|excommunication (Chr.)|חֶרֶם|ḥerem|excommunication|
|`ḥurriyya` حُرِّيَّة|freedom|חֵרוּת|ḥērūt|*idem*|
|`ḥassa` حَسَّ|to feel, sense|חָשׁ|ḥāš|to feel (pain)|
|`ḥasaba` حَسَبَ|to compute, reckon|חָשַׁב|ḥāšav|to think|
|`ḥisbān` حِسْبَان|calculation|חֶשְׁבּוֹן|ḥešbōn|arithmetic, account|
|`ḥiṣār` حِصَار|enclosure, blockade|חָצֵר|ḥāṣēr|enclosure, court, yard, courtyard|
|`ḥaṣba` حَصْبَة|measles|חִצֶּבֶת|ḥiṣṣevet|*idem*|
|`ḥiḍn` حِضْن|bosom|חֹצֶן|ḥọṣen|*idem*|
|`ḥaṭaba` حَطَبَ|to gather firewood|חָטַב|ḥāṭav|to cut, hew wood|
|`ḥað̣īra` حَظِيرَة|enclosure, compund, yard|חָצֵר|ḥāṣēr|enclosure, court, yard, courtyard|
|`ḥafara` حَفَرَ|to dig|חָפַר|ḥāfar|*idem*|
|`ḥafna` حَفْنَة|handful|חוֹפֶן|ḥōfen|*idem*|
|`ḥafiya` حَفِيَ|to go barefoot|יִחֵף|yiḥēf|to be barefoot|
|`ḥaqq` حَقّ|truth; correctness; correct, sound, valid; rightful claim (leg.)|חוֹק|ḥōq|law, statute|
|`ḥaql` حَقْل|field, arable land|חַקְלָאוּת|ḥaqlāʔūt|agriculture|
|`ḥakka` حَكَّ|to scratch|חָכַךְ|ḥāxax|*idem*|
|`ḥikma` حِكْمَة|wisdom|חֹכְמָה|ḥọxǝmā|*idem*|
|`ḥalab` حَلَب|milk|חָלָב|ḥālāv|*idem*|
|`ḥalazūn` حَلَزُون|snail|חִלְזוֹן|ḥilzōn|*idem*|
|`ḥalazūniyy` حَلَزُونِيّ|spiral|חלְזוֹנִי|ḥlǝzōnī|*idem*|
|`ḥalqa` حَلْقَة|link (chain); section (in series)|חֵלֶק|ḥēleq|section, part|
|`ḥulm` حُلْم|dream|חֲלוֹם|ḥălōm|*idem*|
|`ḥalīq` حَلِيق|shaved, shaven, shorn|חָלָק|ḥālāq|smooth, slippery|
|`ḥamma` حَمَّ|to heat|חַם|ḥam|hot, warm|
|`ḥimār` حِمَار|donkey, ass|חֲמוֹר|ḥămōr|*idem*|
|`ḥimmiṣa` حِمِّصَة|chick-pea|חִמְצָה|ḥimṣā|*idem*|
|`ḥināṭa` حِنَاطَة|embalming|חֲנָטָה|ḥănāṭā|*idem*|
|`ḥanaš` حَنَش|snake|נָחָשׁ|nāḥāš|*idem*|
|`ḥanaš` حَنَش|snake|נָחָשׁ|nāḥāš|*idem*|
|`ḥinṭa` حِنْطَة|wheat|חִטָּה|ḥiṭṭā|*idem*|
|`ḥanak` حَنَك|palate|חֵךְ|ḥēxǝ|*idem*|
|`ḥunk` حُنْك|worldly experience, worldly wisdom|חִינוּךְ|ḥīnūx|education|
|`ḥanūn` حَنُون|affectionate, merciful|חַנּוּן|ḥannūn|gracious, merciful|
|`ḥawwara` حَوَّرَ|to make white, whiten; to bleach|חָוַר|ḥāwar|to grow pale, grow white|
|`ḥawf` حَوْف|edge, border|חוֹף|ḥōf|coast, šore|
|`ḥawq` حَوْق|loin, groin|חֵיק|ḥêq|bosom, lap|
|`ḥayl` حَيْل|vigor|חַיִל|ḥayil|*idem*|
|`ḥayiya` حَيِيَ|to live|חַי|ḥay|living, alive|
|`xabaʔa` خَبَأَ|to conceal, hide|הֵחְבִּיא |hēḥǝvīʔ |*idem*|
|`xabara` خَبَرَ|to know well|חָבֵר|ḥāvēr|friend|
|`xatama` خَتَمَ|to seal, stamp, conclude|חָתַם|ḥātam|to sign, seal, conclude|
|`xatan` خَتَن|son-in-law, bridegroom|חָתָן|ḥātān|bridegroom, son-in-law|
|`xidr` خِدْر|women’s private quarters|חֶדֶר|ḥeder|room, chamber|
|`xurʔ` خُرْء|excrement|חֲרָא|ḥărāʔ|*idem*|
|`xariba` خَرِبَ|to be destroyed|חָרַב|ḥārav|*idem*|
|`xarbān` خَرْبَان|devastated, ruined|חוּרְבָּן|ḥūrǝvān|ruin, destruction|
|`xardal` خَرْدَل|mustard|חַרְדָל|ḥardāl|*idem*|
|`xaraz` خَرَز|beads (strung)|חָרַז|ḥāraz|to string together|
|`xarisa` خَرِسَ|to be dumb, mute; to become silent|חָרַשׁ|ḥāraš|to be silent; to be deaf|
|`xaraṭa` خَرَطَ|to lathe|חָרַט|ḥāraṭ|to engrave, chisel|
|`xurṭūm` خُرْطُوم|trunk (elephant)|חַרְטוֹם|ḥarṭōm|beak, nose|
|`xaraqa` خَرَقَ|tear apart|חֲרִיקָה|ḥărīqā|gnashing of teeth|
|`xarīf` خَرِيف|autumn|חֹרֶף|ḥọref|winter|
|`xass` خَسّ|lettuce|חַסָּה|ḥassā|*idem*|
|`xasara` خَسَرَ|to incur loss, lose|חָסַר|ḥāsar|to lack, decrease|
|`xaḍīr` خَضِير|green|חָצִיר|ḥāṣīr|grass, meadow, greenery|
|`xaṭaʔa` خَطَأَ|to err, sin, be mistaken|חָטָא|ḥāṭāʔ|to sin|
|`xaṭifa، xaṭafa` خَطِفَ، خَطَفَ|to snatch|חָטַף|ḥāṭaf|*idem*|
|`xaṭm` خَطْم|nose, snout |חֹטֶם|ḥọṭem|nose, snout|
|`xafira` خَفِرَ|to be shy, embarrassed|הֵחְפִּיר|hēḥǝfīr|to be ashamed|
|`xalāq` خَلَاق|share of positive qualities (given by God)|חֵלֶק|ḥēleq|share, part (n.); fate|
|`xuld` خُلْد|mole|חֹלֶד|ḥọled|*idem*|
|`xamr` خَمْر|wine|חֶמֶר|ḥemer|*idem*|
|`xamsa` خَمْسَة|five|חֲמִשָּׁה|ḥămiššā|*idem*|
|`xanazīr` خَنَزِير|pig|חֲזִיר|ḥăzīr|*idem*|
|`xunfus` خُنْفُس|beetle|חִיפּוּשִׁית|ḥīppūšīt|*idem*|
|`xanaqa` خَنَقَ|to strangle|חָנַק|ḥānaq|*idem*|
|`(-al-) dayyān ` (-ال) دَيَّان |The Judge (God)|דַּיָּן|dayyān|judge (n.)|
|`dāʔ` دَاء|disease, malady|דְּוַי|dǝway|sickness, pain|
|`dāʔira` دَائِرَة|circle, ring|דּוּר|dūr|circle, rim (wheel)|
|`dār` دَار|home, building|דִּירָה|dīrā|apartment, flat|
|`dāsa` دَاسَ|to tread, step, trample|דָּשׁ|dāš|to thresh, tread, trample|
|`dubb` دُبّ|bear (animal)|דֹּב|dọv|*idem*|
|`dibs` دِبْس|syrup, molasses|דְּבַשׁ|dǝvaš|honey|
|`dabiqa` دَبِقَ|to stick, adhere|דָּבַק|dāvaq|to cling, be attached|
|`dabbūr` دَبُّور|hornet, wasp|דַּבּוּר|dabbūr|bumblebee|
|`durr` دُرّة|pearl|דַּר|dar|*idem*|
|`daraja` دَرَجَة|step, degree, grade|דַּרְגָּה|dargā|step, grade, rank|
|`darasa` دَرَسَ|study, investigate|דָּרַשׁ|dāraš|inquire, investigate|
|`dasim` دَسِم|fatty, greasy|דָּשֵׁן|dāšēn|fat (adj.)|
|`daǧdaǧa` دَغْدَغَ|to tickle|דִגְדֵּג|digdēg|*idem*|
|`daff` دَفّ|side, lateral surface|דַּף|daf|leaf, page, board|
|`daff` دَفّ|tambourine|תֹּף|tọf|drum|
|`daqqa` دَقَّ|to be thin|דַּק|daq|thin|
|`daqqaqa` دَقَّقَ|to scrutinize|דָּק|dāq|*idem*|
|`dqyq` دقيقة|minute (time unit)|דָּקָה, דָּקִיקָה|dāqāh, dāqīqā|second (time unit)|
|`dallāʕ` دَلَّاع|watermelon|דְּלַעַת|dǝlaʕat|pumpkin|
|`dalafa` دَلَفَ|to leak, drip, trickle|דָּלַף|dālaf|to drop, drip, leak|
|`dalw` دَلْو|bucket, pail|דְּלִי|dǝlī|*idem*|
|`dam` دَمْ|blood|דָּם|dām|*idem*|
|`damān` دَمَان|fertilizer, dung, manure|דּוֹמֶן|dōmen|dung, manure|
|`damʕa` دَمْعَة|teardrop|דִּמְעָה|dimʕā|*idem*|
|`dawr` دَوْر|period, age, epoch|דּוֹר|dōr|generation, period, age|
|`ðiʔb` ذِئْب|wolf|זְאֵב|zǝʔēv|*idem*|
|`ðubāb` ذُبَاب|fly (insect)|זְבוּב|zǝvūv|*idem*|
|`ðabaxa` ذَبَخَ|to kill, slaughter, butcher, sacrifice|זָבַח|zāvaḥ|to slaughter, sacrifice|
|`ðirāʕ` ذِرَاع|arm|זְרוֹעַ|zǝrōaʕ|*idem*|
|`ðaqan` ذَقَن|beard|זָקָן|zāqān|*idem*|
|`ðakar` ذَكَر|male|זָכָר|zāxār|*idem*|
|`ðakara` ذَكَرَ|to remember|זָכַר|zāxar|*idem*|
|`ðalīl` ذَلِيل|low, lowly, despised, despicable|זוֹלֵל|zōlēl|vile, worthless, mean|
|`ðanab` ذَنَب|tail, appendage|זָנָב|zānāv|tail, stump|
|`ðahab` ذَهَب|gold|זָהָב|zāhāv|*idem*|
|`raʔs` رَأْس|head|רֹאשׁ|rọʔš|*idem*|
|`raʔaā` رَأَى|to see|רָאָה|rāʔā|*idem*|
|`riʔa` رِئَة|lung|רֵאָה|rēʔā|*idem*|
|`rabb` رَبّ|lord, master, owner|רַב|rav|master, lord, chief, rabbi|
|`rubba` رُبَّ|many a (ie time)|רַבִּים|rabbīm|many|
|`rubb` رُبّ|juice (thickened), mash, pulp|רִבָּה|ribbā|jam|
|`rabā` رَبَا|to increase, grow|רָבָה|rāvā|to be or become numerous, to multiply|
|`ribḥ` رِبْح|gain, profit|רֶוַח|rewaḥ|*idem*|
|`rabaḍa` رَبَضَ|to lie down|רָבַץ|rāvaṣ|*idem*|
|`ribwa` رِبْوَة|ten thousand, myriad|רְבָבָה|rǝvāvā|myriad, ten thousand|
|`ratam` رَتَم|broom (plant)|רֹתֶם|rọtem|*idem*|
|`rijl` رِجْل|leg|רֶגֶל|regel|leg, foot|
|`rajama` رَجَمَ|to cast (stones at), to curse, revile|רָגַם|rāgam|to stone (s.o.)|
|`raḥiba` رَحِبَ|to be wide, spacious|רָחַב|rāḥav|to be wide, large|
|`raḥaḍa` رَحَضَ|to rinse, wash|רָחַץ|rāḥaṣ|to wash, bathe|
|`raḥima` رَحِمَ|to have compassion|רִחֵם|riḥēm|*idem*|
|`riḥm؛raḥim` رِحْم؛رَحِم|womb|רֶחֶם|reḥem|*idem*|
|`raxam` رَخَم|vulture|רָחָם|rāḥām|*idem*|
|`radafa` رَدَفَ|to come after, follow|רָדַף|rādaf|to pursue, hunt|
|`razīn` رَزِين|grave, serious|רְצִינִי|rǝṣīnī|*idem*|
|`rasama` رَسَمَ|to draw, to note down|רָשַׁם|rāšam|to note; to draw, mark|
|`rasmiyy` رَسْمِيّ|official (adj.), formal|רִשְׁמִי|rišmī|*idem*|
|`rasan` رَسَن|halter|רֶסֶן|resen|bridle|
|`raṣafa` رَصَفَ|to pave|רָצַף|rāṣaf|*idem*|
|`raṣīf` رَصِيف|pavement, platform, wharf|רָצִיף|rāṣīf|platform, wharf|
|`raḍḍa` رَضَّ|to crush; to bruise|רָצַץ|rāṣaṣ|to break, crush, shatter|
|`raḍaxa` رَضَخَ|to break, smash, crack, crush|רָצַח|rāṣaḥ|to murder, kill|
|`raḍiya` رَضِيَ|to be satisfied, to accept, to desire|רָצָה|rāṣā|to wish, to desire, to accept|
|`raṭb` رَطْب|moist, wet, juicy|רָטֹב|rāṭọv|*idem*|
|`raṭana` رَطَنَ|to speak unintelligibly|רָטַן|rāṭan|to grumble, murmur|
|`raʕda` رَعْدَة|tremor, shudder, siver (n.)|רַעַד|raʕad|trembling, tremor|
|`raʕaša` رَعَشَ|to tremble|רָעַשׁ|rāʕaš|*idem*|
|`raʕaā` رَعَى|to shepherd|רָעָה|rāʕā|*idem*|
|`raǧiba` رَغِبَ|to desire, wish for, crave|רָעַב|rāʕav|to be hungry|
|`rafā` رَفَا|to mend|רָפָא|rāfāʔ|to heal, cure|
|`raqaṣa` رَقَصَ|to dance|רָקַד|rāqad|*idem*|
|`raqīq` رَقِيق|thin (adj.)|רָקִיק|rāqīq|*idem*|
|`rakka` رَكَّ|to be weak, feeble, meager|רַךְ|rax|soft, timid, tender|
|`rakiba` رَكِبَ| to ride|רָכַב|rāxav|*idem*|
|`rakkaza` رَكَّزَ|to concentrate|רִכֵּז|rikkēz|to concentrate |
|`rummān` رُمَّان|pomegranate, grenade|רִימוֹן|rīmōn|*idem*|
|`ramz` رَمْز|sign, hint, symbol|רֶמֶז|remez|hint, indication, sign|
|`ramaḍ` رَمَض|parchedness, scorchedness|רֶמֶץ|remeṣ|embers, hot ašes|
|`ramaā` رَمَى|to throw, shoot|רָמָה|rāmā|*idem*|
|`ranna` رَنَّ|to resound, ring, reverberate|רַן|ran|to sing, shout with joy; to give a ringing cry|
|`rūḥ` رُوح|breath of life, spirit|רוּחַ|rūaḥ|wind, spirit|
|`rawiya` رَوِيَ|to quench one’s thirst|רָוַה|rāwah|*idem*|
|`rayb` رَيْب| doubt, suspicion |רִיב|rīv|quarrel, dipute|
|`rayr` رَيْر|spittle|רִיר|rīr|spittle, saliva, mucus|
|`rīš` رِيش|feathers, bristles|רִיס|rīs|eyelash|
|`rīm` رِيم|white antelope|רְאֵם|rǝʔēm|buffalo, wild ox|
|`zāwiya` زَاوِيَة|corner|זָוִית|zāwīt|*idem*|
|`zibāla` زِبَالَة|garbage|זֶבֶל|zevel|*idem*|
|`zubda` زُبْدَة|butter, cream|זִבְדָּה|zivdā|cream|
|`zabūn` زَبُون|customer, client, guest|זַבָּן|zabbān|salesman|
|`zurzur` زُرْزُر|starling|זַרְזִיר|zarzīr|*idem*|
|`zaraʕa` زَرَعَ|to sow, plant|זָרַע|zāraʕ|*idem*|
|`zaraqa` زَرَقَ|to throw|זָרַק|zāraq|*idem*|
|`zarnīx` زَرْنِيخ|arsenic|זַרְנִיךְ|zarnīxǝ|*idem*|
|`zaʕzaʕa` زَعْزَعَ| to shake violently, convulse|זִעְזַע|ziʕzaʕ|to agitate, to shake violently|
|`zift` زِفْت|pitch, asphalt|זֶפֶת|zefet|tar, pitch|
|`zakā` زَكَا|to be pure in heart; to increase, thrive|זָכַה|zāxah|to be clear, to be clean; to win, deserve|
|`zimām` زِمَام|halter, rein, bridle|זְמָם|zǝmām|muzzle|
|`zamara` زَمَرَ|to blow, play (wind instrument)|זִמֵּר|zimmēr|to sing; to play (mus. instr.)|
|`zaman` زَمَن|time (n.)|זְמַן|zǝman|*idem*|
|`zunbūr` زُنْبُور|hornet|דָבּוּר|dābbūr|large bee, bumblebee|
|`zanaā` زَنَى|break marriage, fornicate|זָנָה|zānā|to go astray, to be a prostitute, to fornicate |
|`zahara` زَهَرَ|shine, be radiant|זֹהַר|zọhar|radiance|
|`zawj` زَوْج|couple (n.)|זוּג|zūg|*idem*|
|`zaytūn` زَيْتُون|olive|זַיִת|zayit|*idem*|
|`zayyafa` زَيَّفَ|to counterfeit; to declare as false|זִיֵּף|ziyyēf|to falsify, forge|
|`saʔala` سَأَلَ|to ask|שָׁאַל|šāʔal|*idem*|
|`sāʔir` سَائِر|remaining, remainder|שְׁאָר|šǝʔār|remainder|
|`sāʔis` سَائِس|stableman, groom|סַיָּס|sayyās|*idem*|
|`sāxin` سَاخِن|hot, warm|שָׁחוּן|šāḥūn|hot, dry|
|`sāʕa` سَاعَة|hour|שָׁעָה|šāʕā|*idem*|
|`sāfir` سَافِر|scribe|סוֹפֵר|sōfēr|*idem*|
|`sāq` سَاق|shank, thigh, leg|שוֹק|šōq|leg, foreleg|
|`sabab` سَبَب|cause (n.)|סִבָּה|sibbā|*idem*|
|`sabata` سَبَتَ|to rest; to keep the Sabbath|שָׁבַת|šāvat|*idem*|
|`sabt ` سَبْت |Saturday, Sabbath|שַׁבָּת|šabbāt|Sabbath, Saturday|
|`sabbaḥa` سَبَّحَ|to praise, glorify|שִׁבֵּחַ|šibbēaḥ|to praise|
|`sibṭ` سِبْط|tribe|שֵׁבָט|šēvāṭ|*idem*|
|`sabʕa` سَبْعَة|seven|שֶׁבַע|ševaʕ|*idem*|
|`sabala` سَبَلَة|ear (corn)|שִׁבּוֹלֶת|šibbōlet|*idem*|
|`sabaā` سَبَى|capture|שָׁבָה|šāvā|to take prisoner, capture|
|`sabīl` سَبِيل|way, path|שְׁבִיל|šǝvīl|lane, path|
|`sitta` سِتَّة|six|שִׁשָּׁה|šiššā|*idem*|
|`sajada` سَجَدَ|to bow down, to worship|סָגַד|sāgad|to bow down, to woršip|
|`saḥar` سَحَر|early morning, dawn|שַׁחַר|šaḥar|*idem*|
|`saḥaqa` سَحَقَ|to crush, to pound, to pulverize|שָׁחַק|šāḥaq|to rub away; to beat fine, to grind|
|`surra` سُرَّة|navel, umbilical cord|שֹׁר|šọr|*idem*|
|`srj` سرج|to braid|שָׂרַג|śārag|*idem*|
|`saraṭān` سَرَطَان|crayfish, cancer (astr., med.)|סַרְטָן|sarṭān|crab, cancer (astr., med.)|
|`sirwāl` سِرْوَال|trousers|סַרְבָּל|sarbāl|*idem*|
|`siṭām` سِطَام|plug, stopper|סָתַם|sātam|to stop up, shut, close up|
|`saṭḥ` سَطْح|surface|שֶׁטָח|šeṭāḥ|*idem*|
|`siʕr` سِعْر|price (n.)|שַׁעַר|šaʕar|market price, value|
|`saʕala` سَعَلَ|to cough|שִׁעֵל|šiʕēl|*idem*|
|`safaḥa` سَفَحَ|to spill, pour, shed|שָׁפַךְ|šāfax|*idem*|
|`sifr` سِفْر|book (scriptures)|סֵפֶר|sēfer|book|
|`safaqa` سَفَقَ|to shut, bang, slam (door)|שָׂפַק|śāfaq|to clap hands|
|`safala` سَفَلَ|to be low|שָׁפַל|šāfal|to become or be low|
|`safīna` سَفِينَة|ship, boat|שְׂפִינָה|śǝfīnā|*idem*|
|`saqaā` سَقَى|to give to drink, to water, to irrigate|הִשְׁקָה|hišqā|to water, to irrigate, to give to drink|
|`sakata` سَكَتَ|to be silent|שָׁתַק|šātaq|*idem*|
|`sakt` سَكْت|silence (n.)|שֶׁקֶט|šeqeṭ|quietness|
|`sakkara` سَكَّرَ|to shut, close, lock, bolt|סָגַר|sāgar|to close, šut|
|`sakkara` سَكَّرَ|to shut, close, lock, bolt|סֶכֶר|sexer|dam|
|`sakira` سَكِرَ|to be drunk|שָׁכַר|šāxar|*idem*|
|`sakana` سَكَنَ|to dwell, reside|שָׁכַן|šāxan|*idem*|
|`sikkīn` سِكِّين|knife|סַכִּין|sakkīn|*idem*|
|`silaaḥ` سِلاَح|arm(s), weapons(s)|שֶׁלַח|šelaḥ|weapon (sword, bayonet)|
|`salām` سَلَام|peace|שָׁלוֹם|šālōm|*idem*|
|`salla` سَلَّة|basket|סַל|sal|*idem*|
|`salaxa` سَلَخَ|to flay, skin|שֶׁלַח|šelaḥ|hide (animal skin)|
|`silsila` سِلْسِلَة|chain (n.)|שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת|šalšelet|*idem*|
|`sulṭa` سُلْطَة|power, authority|שְׁלִיטָה|šǝlīṭā|dominion, power|
|`salaqa` سَلَقَ|ṭo boil, scald|שָׁלַק|šālaq|to boil, scald|
|`salq` سَلْق|chard, beetroot|סֶלֶק|seleq|beet, beetroot|
|`salima` سَلِمَ|to be sound, intact, secure|שָׁלַם|šālam|to be complete, sound, safe|
|`sullam` سُلَّم|ladder|סֻלָּם|sullām|*idem*|
|`salwaā` سَلْوَى|quail|שְׂלָו, סְלָו|śǝlāw, sǝlāw|*idem*|
|`samm` سَمّ|poison (n.)|סַם|sam|*idem*|
|`sammara` سَمَّرَ|to nail|סִמֵּר|simmēr|*idem*|
|`simsim` سِمْسِم|sesame|שֻׁמשׁוּם|šumšūm|*idem*|
|`samiʕa` سَمِعَ|to hear|שָׁמַע|šāmaʕ|*idem*|
|`samina` سَمِنَ|to be or become fat|שָׁמַן|šāman|to grow fat|
|`samawāt` سَمَوَات|heavens|שָׁמַיִם|šāmayim|*idem*|
|`sin` سِن|tooth|שֵׁן|šēn|*idem*|
|`sana` سَنَة|year|שָׁנָה|šānā|*idem*|
|`sunūna` سُنُونَة|swallow (bird)|סְנוּנִית|sǝnūnīt|*idem*|
|`siwār` سِوَار|bracelet|שֵׁרָה|šērā|necklace, bracelet|
|`sūr` سُور|wall, fence|שׁוּר|šūr|wall|
|`sūsan،sawsan` سُوسَن،سَوْسَن|lily|שׁוֹשָׁן|šōšān|lily, rose|
|`sawṭ` سَوْط| whip (n.)|שׁוֹט|šōṭ|whip (n.)|
|`sūq` سُوق|market (n.)|שׁוּק|šūq|*idem*|
|`sawiya` سَوِيَ|to be equivalent to, to equal|שָׁוָה|šāwā|*idem*|
|`sīsī` سِيسِي|pony|סוּסוֹן|sūsōn|*idem*|
|`sayf` سَيْف|sword|סַיִף|sayif|*idem*|
|`siīmaā` سِِيمَى|mark, sign, character|סִימָן|sīmān|sign, mark, signal|
|`šāba` شَابَ|to turn grey-haired, to grow old|שָׂב|śāv|to grow old|
|`šāhid` شَاهِد|witness (n.) |שָׂהֵד|śāhēd|witness (n.)|
|`ašabiʕa` َشَبِعَ|to be sated, full|שָׂבַע|śāvaʕ|to be satisfied, sated|
|`šbk` شبكة|net|שְׂבָכָה|śǝvāxā|lattice-work, woven net, trellis|
|`šitāʔ` شِتَاء|winter, rainy season|שְׂתָו|śǝtāw|autumn|
|`šatala` شَتَلَ|to plant, transplant|שָׁתַל|šātal|*idem*|
|`šajuʕa` شَجُعَ|to be daring, bold|מְשֻׁגָּע|mǝšuggāʕ|mad, insane|
|`šaḥḥār` شَحَّار|soot|שָׁחֹר|šāḥọr|black|
|`šuḥrūr` شُحْرُور|blackbird|שָׁחֲרוּר|šāḥărūr|*idem*|
|`šaḥaqa` شَحَقَ|to inhale, gasp|שִׁהֶק|šiheq|to hiccup|
|`širš` شِرْش|root|שׁוֹרֶשׁ|šōreš|*idem*|
|`šaraṭa` شَرَطَ|to tear, scratch, rip open|שָׂרַט|śāraṭ|to scratch|
|`šaraka` شَرَكَ|to associate, join, share|שֵׁרַךְ|šērax|to entangle|
|`šarīṭ` شَرِيط|ribbon, stripe, film strip|סֶרֶט|sereṭ|ribbon, stripe, film|
|`šaṭafa` شَطَفَ|to rinse, clean, wash|שָׁטָף|šāṭāf|to rinse, wash off|
|`šaʕr` شَعْر|hair|שְׂעָרוֹת|śǝʕārōt|*idem*|
|`šaʕīr` شَعِير|barley|שְׁעוֹרָה|šǝʕōrā|*idem*|
|`šafa` شَفَة|lip, rim, edge|שָׂפָה|śāfā|lip, rim, edge; language|
|`šafra` شَفْرَة|knife|מִסְפָּרַיִם|mispārayim|scissors|
|`šalšala` شَلْشَلَ|to dribble, to trickle|שִׁלְשׁוּל|šilšūl|diarrhea|
|`šammās` شَمَّاس|deacon, sexton, acolyte, cantor|שַׁמָּשׁ|šammāš|attendant, sexton|
|`šimāl` شِمَال|left, left side|שְׂמֹאל|śǝmọʔl|the left, left side|
|`šamar` شَمَر|fennel|שֻׁמָּר|šummār|*idem*|
|`šams` شَمْس|the sun|שֶׁמֶשׁ|šemeš|*idem*|
|`šamla` شَمْلَة|cloak|שִׂמְלָה|śimlā|dress|
|`šanaʔa` شَنَأَ|to hate|שָׂנַא|śānaʔ|*idem*|
|`šahr` شَهْر|month|סַהַר|sahar|moon|
|`šīd` شِيد|plaster (n.)|שִׂיד|śīd|lime, whitewash |
|`šayṭān` شَيْطَان|devil|שָׂטָן|śāṭān|*idem*|
|`šīʕa` شِيعَة|faction, party|סִיעָה|sīʕā|group, party|
|`ṣāḥa` صَاحَ|to cry, yell, scream, call out, shout|צִוֵּח|ṣiwwēḥ|to cry aloud, shout, scream, yell|
|`ṣāda` صَادَ|to hunt|צָד|ṣād|*idem*|
|`ṣaama` صاَمَ|to fast|צָם|ṣām|*idem*|
|`ṣabr، ṣabir` صَبْر، صَبِر|aloe|צָבָר|ṣāvār|aloe, cactus|
|`ṣubra` صُبْرَة|heap, pile (n.)|צֹבֶר|ṣọver|*idem*|
|`ṣibǧa` صِبْغَة|color, dye|צֶבַע|ṣevaʕ|*idem*|
|`ṣaḥā` صَحَا|to be or become clear, bright, cloudless (sky)|צַח|ṣaḥ|pure, clear, bright|
|`ṣudǧ` صُدْغ|temple (anatomy)|צֶדַע, צִדְעָה|ṣedaʕ, ṣidʕā|*idem*|
|`ṣadafa` صَدَفَة|oyster|צִדְפָּה|ṣidpā|*idem*|
|`ṣidq` صِدْق|truth, sincerity, veracity|צֶדֶק|ṣedeq|righteousness, justice|
|`ṣadaqa` صَدَقَة|almsgiving|צְדָקָה|ṣǝdāqā|charity|
|`ṣarḥ` صَرْح|castle, palace, tower|צְרִיחַ|ṣǝrīaḥ|tower; castle (chess)|
|`ṣaraxa` صَرَخَ|to cry, yell, scream|צָרַח|ṣāraḥ|to cry, to shout|
|`ṣarṣār` صَرْصَار|cricket|צַרְצוּר|ṣarṣūr|*idem*|
|`ṣarṣara` صَرْصَرَ|to chirp|צִרְצֵר|ṣirṣēr|*idem*|
|`ṣaʕaq` صَعَق|thunder, peal of thunder|צָעַק|ṣāʕaq|to scream, to shout|
|`ṣaǧīr` صَغِير|small|צָעִיר|ṣāʕīr|young|
|`ṣafara` صَفَرَ|to whistle|צָפַר|ṣāfar|*idem*|
|`ṣafṣāfa` صَفْصَافَة|willow (tree)|צַפְצָפָה|ṣafṣāfā|willow, poplar (tree)|
|`ṣalaḥa` صَلَحَ|to be right, well, to thrive, be suitable, valid|צָלַח|ṣālaḥ|to be fit for, to be successful, to prosper|
|`ṣalṣal` صَلْصَلْ|to ring, clang, rattle|צִלְצֵל|ṣilṣēl|to ring|
|`ṣalaā` صَلَى|to roast, broil, fry|צָלָה|ṣālā|to grill, broil|
|`ṣallaā` صَلَّى|to pray|צִלָּה|ṣillā|to pray for|
|`ṣalīb` صَلِيب|cross (n.)|צְלָב|ṣǝlāv|*idem*|
|`ṣalīl` صَلِيل|clink, jingle, rattle|צְלִיל|ṣǝlīl|ring, sound, tone|
|`ṣamǧ` صَمْغ|gum, resin|צֶמֶג|ṣemeg|gum, rubber|
|`ṣahala` صَهَلَ|to neigh|צָהַל|ṣāhal|to neigh; to cry for joy|
|`ṣawwara` صَوَّرَ|to paint, draw|צִיֵּר|ṣiyyēr|to draw, paint|
|`ṣūra` صُورَة|form, shape|צוּרָה|ṣūrā|*idem*|
|`ṣayyād` صَيَّاد|hunter, fisher|צַיָּד|ṣayyād|hunter, sportsman|
|`ḍaʔn` ضَأْن|sheep|צֹאן|ṣọʔn|*idem*|
|`ḍāqa` ضَاقَ|to oppress|הֵצִיק|hēṣīq|*idem*|
|`ḍabb` ضَبّ|lizard|צָב|ṣāv|turtle, lizard|
|`ḍabaṭa` ضَبَطَ|to seize|צָבַט|ṣāvaṭ|*idem*|
|`ḍabʕ` ضَبْع|hyena|צָבוֹעַ|ṣāvōaʕ|*idem*|
|`ḍaḥika` ضَحِكَ|to laugh|צָחַק|ṣāḥaq|*idem*|
|`ḍarra` ضَرَّ|to harm|צָר|ṣār|to besiege|
|`ḍarrāʔ` ضَرَّاء|distress (n.)|צַר|ṣar|*idem*|
|`ḍaarra` ضََرَّة|additional wife|צָרָה|ṣārā|rival wife|
|`ḍffa` ضفَّة|crowd, throng (n.)|צָפוּף|ṣāfūf|crowded|
|`ḍifḍiʕ` ضِفْضِع|frog|צְפַרְדֵּעַ|ṣǝfardēaʕ|*idem*|
|`ḍilʕ` ضِلْع|rib, side|צֵלָע|ṣēlāʕ|*idem*|
|`ṭabaxa` طَبَخَ|to cook|טָבַח|ṭāvaḥ|to cook |
|`ṭibaʕa` طِبَعَة|printing, stamping|טִבּוּעַ|ṭibbūaʕ|coining|
|`ṭabīʕa` طَبِيعَة|nature|טֶבַע|ṭevaʕ|*idem*|
|`ṭiḥāl` طِحَال|spleen|טְחוֹל|ṭǝḥōl|*idem*|
|`aaṭaḥan` ََطَحَن|to grind, mill, crush, wear down|טָחַן|ṭāḥan|to mill, grind, pulverize, chew|
|`ṭariāʔ` طَرِىء|fresh (fruits, vegetables)|טָרִי|ṭārī|fresh, new|
|`ṭaʕama` طَعَمَ|to taste|טָעַם|ṭāʕam|*idem*|
|`ṭaʕīm` طَعِيم|tasty|טָעִים|ṭāʕīm|*idem*|
|`ṭaǧaā` طَغَى|to exceed proper bounds|טָעָה|ṭāʕā|to err, go astray|
|`ṭifl` طِفْل|baby, child|טֶפֶל|ṭefel|baby|
|`ṭafla` طَفْلَة|potter’s clay|טְפֹלֶת|ṭǝfọlet|putty|
|`ṭafiāʔa` طَفِىءَ|to be extinguišed (light, fire)|מַטְפֶּה|maṭpeh|fire extinguišer|
|`ṭall` طَلّ|dew, fine rain, drizzle|טַל|ṭal|dew|
|`ṭahāra` طَهَارَة|cleanliness, purity|טָהֳרָה|ṭāhŏrā|cleanliness, purification|
|`ṭayyib` طَيِّب|good|טוֹב|ṭōv|*idem*|
|`ṭīn` طِين|clay, mud|טִין|ṭīn|mud, clay|
|`ð̣aby` ظَبْي|gazelle|צְבִי|ṣǝvī|*idem*|
|`ð̣irr` ظِرّ|flint|צוֹר|ṣōr|*idem*|
|`ð̣ufur` ظُفُر|fingernail|צִפּוֹרֶן|ṣippōren|*idem*|
|`ð̣ill` ظِلّ|shadow, shade|צֵל|ṣēl|*idem*|
|`ð̣al-aʕa` ظَلَعَ|to limp|צָלַע|ṣālaʕ|*idem*|
|`ð̣amiʔa` ظَمِأَ|to be thirsty|צָמֵא|ṣāmēʔ|*idem*|
|`ð̣uhr` ظُهْر|noon|צָהֳרַיִם|ṣāhŏrayim|*idem*|
|`ʕābir` عَابِر|bygone, past, elapsed time|עָבָר|ʕāvār|the past, past tense|
|`ʕālam` عَالَم|world|עוֹלָם|ʕōlām|*idem*|
|`ʕibāda` عِبَادَة|worship|עֲבוֹדָה|ʕăvōdā|worship, work|
|`ʕabd` عَبْد|slave, servant|עֶבֶד|ʕeved|*idem*|
|`ʕabara` عَبَرَ|to pass, to pass away|עָבַר|ʕāvar|*idem*|
|`ʕatīq` عَتِيق|ancient|עַתִּיק|ʕattīq|*idem*|
|`ʕuθθ` عُثّ|moth|עָשׁ|ʕāš|*idem*|
|`ʕijl` عِجْل|calf (animal)|עֵגֶל|ʕēgel|*idem*|
|`ʕajala` عَجَلَة|wheel|עֲגָלָה|ʕăgālā|wagon|
|`ʕadasa` عَدَسَة|lentil|עֲדָשָׁה|ʕădāšā|*idem*|
|`ʕurf` عُرْف|crest, comb (rooster), mane (horse)|עֹרֶף|ʕọref|neck, nape |
|`ʕirq` عِرْق|vein|עוֹרַק|ʕōraq|*idem*|
|`ʕurqūb` عُرْقُوب|Achilles’ tendon, hamstring|עַרְקוּב|ʕarqūv|knee joint|
|`ʕizz` عِزّ|strength|עוֹז|ʕōz|*idem*|
|`ʕušb` عُشْب|grass, herbage, plants, pasture|עֵשֶׂב|ʕēśev|herb, herbage, grass|
|`ʕašara` عَشَرَة|ten|עֲשָׂרָה|ʕăśārā|*idem*|
|`ʕaṣā` عَصَا|stick, staff, cane, baton, wand|עֵץ|ʕēṣ|tree, wood, timber|
|`ʕaṣab` عَصَب|nerve|עָצָב|ʕāṣāv|*idem*|
|`ʕiḍḍ` عِضّ|small prickly shrubs, brambles|עֵץ|ʕēṣ|tree, wood, timber|
|`ʕað̣m` عَظْم|bone|עֶצֶם|ʕeṣem|*idem*|
|`ʕað̣īm` عَظِيم|great, strong, powerful|עָצוּם|ʕāṣūm|strong, powerful|
|`ʕafar` عَفَر|dust (n.)|עָפָר|ʕāfār|*idem*|
|`ʕaqd` عَقْد|knotting, tying|עֵקֶד|ʕēqed|binding|
|`ʕaqara` عَقَرَ|to be barren, sterile, childless|עָקָר|ʕāqār|barren, sterile, childless|
|`ʕaqrab` عَقْرَب|scorpion|עַקְרָב|ʕaqrāv|*idem*|
|`ʕilla` عِلَّة|cause, occasion, pretext|עִלָּה|ʕillā|cause, pretext, occasion|
|`ʕalaqa` عَلَقَة|leech|עֲלוּקָה|ʕălūqā|*idem*|
|`ʕalaā` عَلَى|on|עַל|ʕal|*idem*|
|`ʕilyūn` عِلْيُون|highest|עֶלְיוֹן|ʕelyōn|*idem*|
|`ʕamal` عَمَل|work, labor|עָמָל|ʕāmāl|*idem*|
|`ʕamūd` عَمُود|column|עַמּוּד|ʕammūd|*idem*|
|`ʕamīq` عَمِيق|deep, profound|עַמוֹק|ʕamōq|*idem*|
|`ʕinab` عِنَب|grape(s)|עֵנָב|ʕēnāv|grape|
|`ʕanza` عَنْزَة|goat|עֵז|ʕēz|*idem*|
|`ʕunuq` عُنُق|neck|עַנָק|ʕanāq|necklace|
|`ʕawira` عَوِرَ|to lose an eye|עִוֵּר|ʕiwwēr|to blind|
|`ʕayn` عَين|eye, spring (water)|עַיִן|ʕayin|*idem*|
|`ǧābir` غَابِر|past, the past|עָבָר|ʕāvār|past, past tense|
|`ǧurāb` غُرَاب|raven|עוֹרֵב|ʕōrēv|*idem*|
|`ǧurla` غُرْلَة|foreskin|עָרְלָה|ʕārǝlā|*idem*|
|`ǧurūb` غُرُوب|setting (of the sun)|עֶרֶב|ʕerev|evening|
|`ǧaḍaba` غَضَبَ|to be angry|עָצַב|ʕāṣav|to hurt, grieve|
|`ǧammaḍa` غَمَّضَ|to close one’s eyes|עָמַץ|ʕāmaṣ|to close (the eyes, esp. of a dead person)|
|`fāris` فَارِس|horseman|פָּרַשׁ|pāraš|*idem*|
|`fataḥa` فَتَحَ|to open|פָּתַח|pātaḥ|*idem*|
|`fataqa` فَتَقَ|to rip open, slaš|פָּתַק|pātaq|to cleave, split; to open (a dam)|
|`fatala` فَتَلَ|to twist|פָּתַל|pātal|*idem*|
|`fatīla` فَتِيلَة|wick|פְּתִילָה|pǝtīlā|*idem*|
|`fijj` فِجّ|unripe fruit|פַּג|pag|unripe fig, premature baby|
|`fajaʕa` فَجَعَ|to afflict, to inflict|פָּגַע|pāgaʕ|to attack, strike|
|`faḥḥa` فَحَّ|to hiss (snake), to whistle (storm, bullet)|פָּח|pāḥ|to breathe, blow|
|`faḥm` فَحْم|coal|פֶּחָם|peḥām|*idem*|
|`faxx` فَخّ|trap, snare (n.)|פַּח|paḥ|*idem*|
|`fadaā` فَدَى|to redeem, ransom|פָּדָה|pādā|to ransom, redeem|
|`faraʔ` فَرَأْ|wild ass|פֶּרֶא|pereʔ|*idem*|
|`farraxa` فَرَّخَ|to hatch, germinate, sprout|פָּרַח|pāraḥ|to bud, to blossom, to flower|
|`farx` فَرْخ|young bird|אֶפְרוֹחַ|ʔefrōaḥ|chick|
|`firdaws` فِرْدَوْس|Paradise|פַּרְדֵּס|pardēs|park, orchard|
|`faraša` فَرَشَ|to spread, pread out|פָּרַשׂ|pāraś|to spread, spread out|
|`faraqa` فَرَقَ|to sever|פֵּרַק|pēraq|*idem*|
|`firqa` فِرْقَة|division, unit, band|פִּרְקָה|pirqā|division (military)|
|`furrūj` فُرُّوج|chick|פָּרְגִּית|pārǝgīt|chicken|
|`fassax` فَسَّخ|to tear to pieces|פִּשָּׁח|piššāḥ|to tear in pieces|
|`fasl` فَسْل|low, despicable, deceitful|פָּסוּל|pāsūl|disqualified, unfit, defective|
|`fašā` فَشَا|to spread out|פָשָׁה|pāšā|*idem*|
|`fuṭr` فُطْر|fungi, mushrooms|פִּטְרִיוֹת|piṭrīōt|*idem*|
|`faʕala` فَعَلَ|to do, act|פָּעַל|pāʕal|to do, make, act|
|`fallaḥ` فَلّاح|farmer, peasant|פַּלָּח|pallāḥ|*idem*|
|`fulān` فُلَان|a certain so-and-so|פְּלוֹנִי|pǝlōnī|*idem*|
|`falata` فَلَتَ|to escape, be liberated|פָּלַט|pālaṭ|to escape, be saved|
|`falaja` فَلَجَ|to split, divide|פִּלֵּג|pillēg|*idem*|
|`fulful، filfil` فُلْفُل، فِلْفِل|pepper|פִּלְפֵּל|pilpēl|*idem*|
|`fam` فَمْ|mouth|פֶּה|peh|*idem*|
|`fūl` فُول|beans (coll.)|פּוֹל|pōl|bean|
|`fūha` فُوهَة|hole, orifice; mouth (bottle, hose, drain)|פֶּה|peh|mouth; opening, orifice|
|`fayyāḥ` فَيَّاح|heavy-scented, strong-smelling|פִּיחָה|pīḥā|breaking wind; stench|
|`fīl` فِيل|elephant|פִּיל|pīl|*idem*|
|`qāʔa` قَاءَ|to vomit |קָא|qāʔ|*idem*|
|`qāma` قَامَ|to get up, stand up, rise|קָם|qām|to rise, to stand up|
|`qabā` قَبَا|to make vaulted|קָבַב|qāvav| to make vaulted|
|`qibāḍa` قِبَاضَة|raising, collecting (funds, taxes)|קִבֵּץ|qibbēṣ|to beg, to collect|
|`qabr` قَبْر|tomb, grave|קֶבֶר|qever|*idem*|
|`qubbaʕa` قُبَّعَة|hat, cap|קוֹבַע|qōvaʕ|*idem*|
|`qabqāb` قَبْقَاب|clog (shoe)|קַבְקַב|qavqav|*idem*|
|`qabila` قَبِلَ|accept, agree|קִבֵּל|qibbēl|to receive, accept|
|`qatala` قَتَلَ|to kill, slay, murder|קָטַל|qāṭal|to slay, kill|
|`qiθθāʔ` قِثَّاء|cucumber|קִשּׁוּא|qiššūʔ|*idem*|
|`qaddāḥ` قَدَّاح|flint, lighter|קָדַח|qādaḥ|to kindle|
|`qadaḥa` قَدَحَ|to bore, pierce|קָדַח|qādaḥ|to bore, perforate|
|`qidra` قِدْرَة|pot, jug|קְדֵרָה|qǝdērā|pot|
|`qadusa` قَدُسَ|to be holy|קָדַשׁ|qādaš|*idem*|
|`qadama` قَدَمَ|to precede|קָדַם|qādam|to be before, to be in front|
|`qadīm` قَدِيم|old, ancient|קָדוּם|qādūm|ancient, primordial|
|`qaraʔa` قَرَأَ|to read|קָרָא|qārāʔ|*idem*|
|`qurbān` قُرْبَان|sacrifice, offering|קָרְבָּן|qārǝvān|*idem*|
|`qarqara` قَرْقَرَ|to rumble, rattle, crackle, gurgle, coo, growl|קִרְקָר|qirqār|to quack, cackle, croak|
|`qarn` قَرْن|horn|קֶרֶן|qeren|*idem*|
|`qarīb` قَرِيب|near (adj.)|קָרוֹב|qārōv|*idem*|
|`qarya` قَرْيَة|village|קִרְיָה|qiryā|town|
|`qasī` قَسِي|hard, solid, firm|קָשֶׁה|qāšeh| hard, difficult|
|`qašš` قَشّ|straw (grass)|קַשׁ|qaš|*idem*|
|`qaṣṣ` قَصّ|to cut, clip, šear, trim|קָצַץ|qāṣaṣ|to sever, fell; chop, mince|
|`qaṣṣāb` قَصَّاب|butcher|קַצָּב|qaṣṣāv|*idem*|
|`qaṣaba` قَصَبَ|to cut up (carcass)|קָצַב|qāṣav|to cut off|
|`qaṣura` قَصُرَ|to be short, insufficient|קָצַר|qāṣar|*idem*|
|`qiṭār` قِطَار|train, railway|קַטָּר|qaṭṭār|locomotive, steam engine |
|`quṭb` قُطْب|pole (ie north)|קֹטֶב|qọṭev|*idem*|
|`quṭr` قُطْر|diameter, diagonal, caliber|קֹטֶר|qọṭer|*idem*|
|`qaṭaʕa` قَطَعَ|to cut, cut off, sever, break, interrupt|קָטַע|qāṭaʕ|to cut off, amputate, mutilate|
|`qiṭʕa` قِطْعَة|piece, fragment, segment|קֶטַע|qeṭaʕ|*idem*|
|`qaṭafa` قَطَفَ|pick, (flowers, fruit), gather, harvest|קָטַף|qāṭaf|to pick, (flowers, fruit) pluck|
|`qaṭīfa` قَطِيفَة|velvet|קְטִיפָה|qǝṭīfā|*idem*|
|`qafaza` قَفَزَ|to jump|קָפַץ|qāfaṣ|*idem*|
|`qulafa` قُلافَة|bark, rind (tree)|קְלִפָּה|qǝlippā|skin, peel, rind, husk|
|`qalīl` قَلِيل|light, small, a little|קָלִיל|qālīl|very light, little|
|`qamḥ` قَمْح|wheat|קֶמַח|qemaḥ|flour|
|`qumqum` قُمْقُم|flagon|קֻמְקוּם|qumqūm|kettle, teapot|
|`qanā` قَنَا|to acquire, possess|קָנָה|qānā|to purchase, acquire, possess|
|`qunfuð` قُنْفُذ|hedgehog|קִפּוֹד|qippōd|*idem*|
|`qawl` قَوْل|speech, utterance|קוֹל|qōl|voice|
|`qayð̣` قَيْظ|summer heat|קַיִץ|qayiṣ|summer|
|`qayna` قَينَة|femle singer|קִינָה|qīnā|elegy, dirge|
|`ka` كَ|as, like|כְּ|kǝ|*idem*|
|`kaʔb` كَأْب|sorrow, grief, depression|כְּאֵב|kǝʔēv|pain, ache|
|`kaʔs` كَأْس|cup|כּוֹס|kōs|*idem*|
|`kāhin` كَاهِن|priest|כֹּהֵן|kọhēn|*idem*|
|`kabid` كَبِد|liver|כָּבֵד|kāvēd|*idem*|
|`kabasa` كَبَسَ|to press; to attack, raid|כָּבַשׁ|kāvaš|to press; to subdue|
|`kabš` كَبْش|ram (animal)|כֶּבֶשׂ|keveś|lamb|
|`kabl` كَبْل|chain, shackle, fetter|כֶּבֶל|kevel|fetter, shackle, chain|
|`kabīr` كَبِير|large, great|כָּבִּיר|kābbīr|mighty, much, great|
|`kttan` كتّان|flax, linen|כִִּתָּן|kiittān|flax|
|`kataba` كَتَبَ|to write|כָּתַב|kātav|*idem*|
|`kitf` كِتْف|shoulder|כָּתֵף|kātēf|*idem*|
|`kuḥliyy` كُحْلِيّ|dark blue, navy blue|כָּחוֹל|kāḥōl|blue|
|`karrāθ` كَرَّاث|leek|כְּרֵשָׁה|kǝrēšā|*idem*|
|`kurāʕ` كُرَاع|foot, leg|כֶּרַע|keraʕ|leg, knee|
|`kirbās` كِرْبَاس|a white cotton fabric|כַּרְפַּס|karpas|fine cotton or linen|
|`kursī` كُرْسِي|chair|כֻּרְסָה, כִּסֵּא|kursāh, kissēʔ|armchair, chair|
|`kirš ` كِرْش |stomach, paunch, belly|כֶּרֶס|keres|abdomen, belly|
|`karafs` كَرَفْس|celery|כַּרְפַּס|karpas|parsley|
|`karm` كَرْم|grapevine, vineyard|כֶּרֶם|kerem|vineyard; grove|
|`karūb` كَرُوب|cherub|כְּרוּב|kǝrūv|*idem*|
|`kasā` كَسَا|to clothe, cover|כָּסַה|kāsah|to cover, to conceal|
|`kaslān` كَسْلَان|lazy, sluggish|כִּשָׁלוֹן|kišālōn|stumbling, failure, weakness|
|`kaslān` كَسْلَان|lazy, sluggiš|כָּסַל|kāsal|to be stupid|
|`kaʕk` كَعْك|cake, pastry|כַּעַךְ|kaʕak|ring-shaped cake|
|`kaff` كَفّ|palm (of hand)|כַּף|kaf|*idem*|
|`kafr` كَفْر| village|כְּפָר|kǝfār|village|
|`kull` كُلّ|all|כֹּל|kọl|*idem*|
|`kalaʔa` كَلَأَ|to guard, watch|כְּלוּא|kǝlūʔ|prison|
|`kilā` كِلَا|both|כִּלְאַיִם|kilʔayim|hybrid|
|`kalb` كَلْب|dog|כֶּלֶב|kelev|*idem*|
|`kulya` كُلْيَة|kidney|כִּליָה|kilyā|*idem*|
|`kam` كَم|how much? how many?|כָּמָּה|kāmmā|*idem*|
|`kamʔ` كَمْء|truffle|כְּמֵהָה|kǝmēhā|*idem*|
|`kanaf` كَنَف|wing|כָּנָף|kānāf|*idem*|
|`kunya` كُنْيَة|surname, nickname |כִּנּוּי|kinnūy|surname, nickname|
|`kanīsa` كَنِيسَة|church, synagogue|כְּנֶסֶת|kǝneset|gathering, assembly|
|`kuwāra` كُوَارَة|beehive|כָּוֶּרֶת|kāwweret|*idem*|
|`kawkab` كَوْكَب|star|כּוֹכָב|kōkāv|*idem*|
|`kay` كَي|that, in order that|כִּי|kī|that, because|
|`kīs` كِيْس|sack, bag, pouch, purse|כִּיס|kīs|pocket, purse|
|`kayf` كَيْف|delight, high spirits|כֵּיף|kêf|fun|
|`lā` لَا|no|לֹא|lọʔ|*idem*|
|`lubb` لُبّ|core, essence; heart|לֵב|lēv|heart, center|
|`libd` لِبْد|felt (material)|לֶבֶד|leved|*idem*|
|`labisa` لَبِسَ|to put on, wear, dress in|לָבַשׁ|lāvaš|*idem*|
|`laban` لَبَن|milk, sour milk|לָבָן|lāvān|white|
|`labbana` لَبَّنَ|to make bricks|לָבַן|lāvan|*idem*|
|`labwa` لَبْوَة|lioness|לְבִיאָה|lǝvīʔā|*idem*|
|`lḥḥm` لحّم|to solder|הִחְלִים|hiḥlīm|*idem*|
|`laḥm` لَحْم|meat|לֶחֶם|leḥem|bread|
|`lḥn` لحْن|melody, tune|לַחַן|laḥan|*idem*|
|`lḥy` لحْي|jawbone|לְחִי|lǝḥī|jaw, cheek|
|`lisān` لِسَان|tongue|לָשׁוֹן|lāšōn|*idem*|
|`laṭafa` لَطَفَ|to be kind and friendly|לִטֵּף|liṭṭēf|to pet, caress, fondle|
|`laʕiba` لَعِبَ|to play, jest|לָעַב|lāʕav|to mock|
|`luǧa` لُغَة|language|לֹעַ|lọaʕ|throat; muzzle, maw|
|`lift` لِفْت|turnip|לֶפֶת|lefet|turnip, beet|
|`laqaṭa` لَقَطَ|to gather, collect, pick up|לָקַט|lāqaṭ|*idem*|
|`lahab` لَهَب|flame|לַהַב|lahav|*idem*|
|`law` لَو|if|לוּ|lū|if only|
|`lawḥ` لَوْح|board|לוּחַ|lūaḥ|*idem*|
|`lawz` لَوْز|almond(s)|לוּז|lūz|almond tree|
|`lawlab` لَوْلَب|screw, spiral|לוֹלָב|lōlāv|bolt, screw|
|`layθ` لَيْث|lion|לָיְשׁ|lāyǝš|*idem*|
|`layla` لَيْلَة|night|לַיְלָה|laylā|*idem*|
|`miʔa` مِئَة|hundred|מֵאָה|mēʔā|*idem*|
|`mā` مَا|what|מַה|mah|*idem*|
|`māʔ` مَاء|water|מַיִם|mayim|*idem*|
|`mutaʔaxxir` مُتَأَخِّر|delayed, late|מְאֻחָר|mǝʔuḥār|late, tardy|
|`matāna` مَتَانَة|hardiness, determination, will power, firmness of character|מְתִינוּת|mǝtīnūt|composure, prudence, patience|
|`mutarjim` مُتَرْجِم|translator|מְתָרְגַּם|mǝtārǝgam|*idem*|
|`mtn` متن|back, half or side of the back|מֹתֶן|mọten|hip, loin, haunch|
|`mataā` مَتَى|when|מָתַי|mātay|*idem*|
|`miθqāl` مِثْقَال|weight|מִשְׁקָל|mišqāl|*idem*|
|`maθal` مَثَل| parable, proverb|מָשָׁל|māšāl|parable, proverb|
|`maḥaqa` مَحَقَ|to erase|מָחַק|māḥaq|*idem*|
|`muxx` مُخّ|brain|מֹחַ|mọaḥ|*idem*|
|`maxbaʔ` مَخْبَأْ|hiding-place, shelter|מַחֲבֵא|maḥăvēʔ|hiding place, storeroom|
|`maxzan` مَخْزَن|store room|מַחְסָן|maḥsān|storehouse|
|`maxaṭa` مَخَطَ|to blow one’s nose|מָחַט|māḥaṭ|to wipe, blow one’s nose|
|`mudda` مُدَّة|interval, period|מִדָּה|middā|measure, size (n.)|
|`maddada` مَدَّدَ|to stretch out|מִדֵּד|middēd|*idem*|
|`madrasa` مَدْرَسَة|school|מִדְרָשָׁה|midrāšā|high school|
|`madīna` مَدِينَة|city|מְדִינָה|mǝdīnā|state, city|
|`maðbux` مَذْبُخ|altar |מִזְבֵּחַ|mizbēaḥ|altar|
|`murr` مُرّ| bitter, severe, sharp|מַר|mar|bitter, cruel, violent|
|`marʔ` مَرْء|man, lord|מָר|mār|master, Mr., sir|
|`mirʔā` مِرْآة|mirror|מַרְאָה|marʔā|*idem*|
|`maraxa` مَرَخَ|to oil, anoint, rub|מָרַח|māraḥ|to smear, anoint, rub|
|`marada` مَرَدَ|to revolt, rebel|מָרַד|mārad|*idem*|
|`maraṭa` مَرَطَ|to tear out, pull out, pluck (hair)|מָרַט|māraṭ|to pluck hair, feathers|
|`maraq` مَرَق|broth, gravy|מָרָק|mārāq|soup, broth|
|`markaba` مَرْكَبَة|vehicle, carriage|מֶרְכָּבָה|merkāvā|chariot, carriage|
|`mizāj` مِزَاج|temperament|מֶזֶג|mezeg|*idem*|
|`mazaja` مَزَجَ|mix, blend|מִזֵּג|mizzēg|to mix, blend|
|`mazmūr` مَزْمُور|psalm|מִזְמוֹר|mizmōr|song, psalm|
|`mass` مَسّ|to touch, feel|מִשֵּׁשׁ|miššēš|to feel, grope|
|`mastūr` مَسْتُور|hidden|נִסְתָּר|nistār|*idem*|
|`masjid` مَسْجِد|mosque|מִסְגָּד|misgād|*idem*|
|`masaḥa` مَسَحَ|to wipe, to rub, to anoint|מָשַׁח|māšaḥ|to anoint, smear, oil|
|`miskīn` مِسْكِين|poor, miserable|מִסְכֵּן|miskēn|poor, unfortunate, wretched|
|`mismār` مِسْمَار|nail (n.)|מַסְמֵר|masmēr|*idem*|
|`masīḥ` مَسِيح|annointed; messiah|מָשִׁיחַ|māšīaḥ|*idem*|
|`mišmiš` مِشْمِش|apricot|מִשְׁמֵשׁ|mišmēš|*idem*|
|`maṣṣa` مَصَّ|to suck|מָצַץ|māṣaṣ|*idem*|
|`miṣriyy` مِصْرِيّ|Egyptian|מִצְרִי|miṣrī|*idem*|
|`muḍāyaqa` مُضَايَقَة|affliction, disturbance|מְצוּקָה|mǝṣūqā|distress (n.)|
|`maṭbax` مَطْبَخ|kitchen|מִטְבָּח|miṭbāḥ|*idem*|
|`maṭar` مَطَر|rain (n.)|מָטָר|māṭār|*idem*|
|`maṭīla` مَطِيلَة|wrought iron|מָטִיל|māṭīl|iron bar, rail|
|`maʕa` مَعَ|with|עִם|ʕim|*idem*|
|`maʕaaka` مَعََكَ|to rub|מִעֶךְ|miʕex|*idem*|
|`maʕy` مَعْي|intestine|מְעִי|mǝʕī|*idem*|
|`maǧrib ` مَغْرِب |west|מַעֲרָב|maʕărāv|*idem*|
|`miftāḥ` مِفْتَاح|key|מַפְתֵּחַ|maftēaḥ|*idem*|
|`maqām` مَقَام|location, position|מָקוֹם|māqōm|place, locality|
|`miqṭar` مِقْطَر|censer|מִקְטָר|miqṭār|incense|
|`maks` مَكْس|tax (n.)|מֶכֶס|mexes|*idem*|
|`malaʔ` مَلَأ|to fill|מִלֵּא|millēʔ|*idem*|
|`malʔk` مَلأك|angel|מַלְאָךְ|malʔāxǝ|*idem*|
|`milāṭ` مِلَاط|mortar|מֶלֶט|meleṭ|mortar; cement|
|`milḥ` مِلْح|salt (n.)|מֶלַח|melaḥ|*idem*|
|`malḥama` مَلْحَمَة|bloody fight, fierce battle|מִלְחָמָה|milḥāmā|war, battle|
|`malik` مَلِك|king|מֶלֶךְ|melex|*idem*|
|`malakūt` مَلَكُوت|kingdom, royalty|מַלְכוּת|malkūt|royalty, kingdom|
|`ammlaka` َممْلَكَة|kingdom, sovereignty|מַמְלָכָה|mamlāxā|*idem*|
|`man` مَن|who|מִי|mī|*idem*|
|`min` مِن|from|מִן|min|*idem*|
|`minḥa` مِنْحَة|gift, donation, benefaction|מִנְחָה|minḥā|offering, tribute, present, gift|
|`manaʕa` مَنَعَ|to restrain, prevent, withold|מָנַע|mānaʕ|*idem*|
|`minhāj` مِنْهَاج|method, program, course|מִנְהָג|minhāg|behavior, conduct, custom|
|`mawt` مَوْت|death|מָוֶת|māwet|*idem*|
|`mawʕid` مَوْعِد|appointed time|מוֹעֵד|mōʕēd|*idem*|
|`nāb` نَاب|canine tooth, tusk, fang|נִיב|nīv|canine tooth, tusk|
|`nādir` نَادِر|rare, unusual|נָדִיר|nādīr|rare|
|`nār` نَار|fire|נֵר|nēr|candle|
|`nāṣa` نَاصَ|to avoid, flee|נָצָה|nāṣā|to fly away, flee|
|`nāma` نَامَ|to sleep, slumber|נָם|nām|to slumber, be drowsy|
|`nabaḥa` نَبَحَ|bark|נָבַח|nāvaḥ|to bark|
|`nibrās` نِبْرَاس|lamp, light, lantern|נִבְרֶשֶׁת|nivrešet|candlestick, chandelier|
|`nbʕ` نبع|to well up, to gush forth|נָבַע|nāvaʕ|to bubble up, gush out|
|`nabī` نَبِي|prophet|נָבִיא|nāvīʔ|*idem*|
|`nuḥās` نُحَاس|copper|נְחֹשֶׁת|nǝḥọšet|copper, brass|
|`naḥusa` نَحُسَ|to be ill-omened|נַחַשׁ|naḥaš|divination, sorcery, spell, omen|
|`naḥl` نَحْل|bee|נָחִיל|nāḥīl|swarm of bees|
|`niḥla` نِحْلَة|donation, gift|נַחֲלָה|naḥălā|possession, inheritance|
|`naḥnu` نَحْنُ|we|אֲנַחְנוּ|ʔănaḥnū|*idem*|
|`naxara` نَخَرَ|to snort, to snore|נָחַר|nāḥar|to snore, to snort|
|`nadda` نَدَّ|to flee|נָדַד|nādad|*idem*|
|`naðara` نَذَرَ|to vow|נָדַר|nādar|*idem*|
|`nardīn` نَرْدِين|nard|נֵרְדְּ|nērǝdǝ|*idem*|
|`nazila` نَزِلَ|to have a cold|נָזֶלֶת|nāzelet|head cold|
|`nusxa` نُسْخَة|transcript, copy|נֹוסַח|nōsaḥ|text, copy, version|
|`nasr` نَسْر|eagle, vulture|נֶשֶׁר|nešer|*idem*|
|`nasama` نَسَمَة|breath, person|נְשָׁמָה|nǝšāmā|soul, breath, creature|
|`nasiya` نَسِيَ|to forget|נָשָׁה|nāšā|*idem*|
|`niṣāb` نِصَاب|hilt|נִצָּב|niṣṣāv|*idem*|
|`naṣaba` نَصَبَ|erect, plant|נִצָּב|niṣṣāv|to set, stand up|
|`naṣrāniyy` نَصْرَانِيّ|Christian|נוֹצְרִי|nōṣǝrī|*idem*|
|`naṣala` نَصَلَ|to free oneself from|נִצָּל|niṣṣāl|to be delivered, saved; to escape|
|`naḍra` نَضْرَة|bloom, flower, frešness|נֵצֶר|nēṣer|sprout, shoot (n.)|
|`naṭafa` نَطَفَ|to dribble, trickle|נָטַף|nāṭaf|to drip|
|`nað̣ara` نَظَرَ|to see, look, watch|נָצַר|nāṣar|to watch, guard, observe|
|`naʕāma` نَعَامَة|ostrich|נַעֲמָה|naʕămā|*idem*|
|`naʕara` نَعَرَ|to grunt, snort; to howl, roar|נָעַר|nāʕar|to growl, to bray|
|`naʕl` نَعْل|sandal, shoe|נַעַל|naʕal|shoe, boot|
|`naʕnaʕ` نَعْنَع|mint|נַעְנַע|naʕnaʕ|*idem*|
|`naʕīm` نَعِيم|comfort; gentle|נָעִים|nāʕīm|pleasant, delightful|
|`naǧma` نَغْمَة|tone, sound, melody|נְעִימָה|nǝʕīmā|melody, tune, tone|
|`nafaxa` نَفَخَ|to blow, breathe, inflate|נָפַח|nāfaḥ|to blow, breathe|
|`nafas` نَفَس|breath|נֶפֶשׁ|nefeš|breath, breath of life|
|`nafs` نَفْس|soul, self|נֶפֶשׁ|nefeš|*idem*|
|`nafṭ` نَفْط|oil, petroleum|נַפְט|nafṭ|kerosene, oil|
|`naqaba` نَقَبَ|to bore, pierce|נָקַב|nāqav|*idem*|
|`naqara` نَقَرَ|to bore, to peck|נִקֵּר|niqqēr|*idem*|
|`nuqra` نُقْرَة|pit, hollow, hole|נִקְרָה|niqrā|hole, crevice|
|`nuqṭa` نُقْطَة|point, dot|נְקוּדָה|nǝqūdā|*idem*|
|`naqama` نَقَمَ|to avenge, take revenge|נָקַם|nāqam|*idem*|
|`naqī` نَقِي|pure, clean|נָקִי|nāqī|clean , pure|
|`nakira` نَكِرَ|to not know; to deny|נִכֵּר|nikkēr|to treat as a stranger; to deny|
|`nmir` نمِر|tiger, leopard, panther|נָמֶר|nāmer|leopard, tiger|
|`anamš` َنَمش|freckles|נֶמֶשׁ|nemeš|freckle|
|`nml` نْمل|ant|נְמָלָה|nǝmālā|*idem*|
|`nahaja` نَهَجَ|to proceed, take a course|נָהַג|nāhag|to drive, to behave|
|`nahira` نَهِرَ|to flow, stream|נָהַר|nāhar|*idem*|
|`nahr` نَهْر|river|נָהָר|nāhār|*idem*|
|`nahaqa` نَهَقَ|to bray|נָהַק|nāhaq|to cry out, bray|
|`nawaxa` نَوَخَ|to repose, rest|נָח|nāḥ|to rest, to lie (down)|
|`nūr` نُور|light|נוּר|nūr|fire|
|`nawl` نَوْل|loom (n.)|נוֹל|nōl|*idem*|
|`niāʔ` نِىء|raw|נָא|nāʔ|half-done, rare (meat)|
|`hajara` هَجَرَ|to emigrate|הִגֵּר|higgēr|*idem*|
|`hadama` هَدَمَ|to destroy|הִדֵּם|hiddēm|to silence; to destroy|
|`harasa` هَرَسَ|to crush, grind, mash|הָרַס|hāras|to break, demolish, destroy|
|`halaka` هَلَكَ|to die|הָלַךְ|hālax|to go|
|`hallal-a` هَلَّلَ|to shout, rejoice, cheer (s.o.)|הִלֵּל|hillēl|to praise|
|`hum` هُم|they (m.)|הֵם|hēm|*idem*|
|`hunna` هُنَّ|they (f.)|הֵן|hēn|*idem*|
|`hanniʔa` هَنِّءَ|to make happy, gladden, delight |הִנּוּי|hinnūy|causing joy, giving pleasure|
|`hunā` هُنَا|here|הִנֵה|hinēh|*idem*|
|`handasa` هَنْدَسَة|engineering, geometry|הַנְדָּסָה|handāsā|*idem*|
|`hawwa` هَوَّ|he|הוּא|hūʔ|*idem*|
|`hiyya` هِيَّ|she|הִיא|hīʔ|*idem*|
|`haykal` هَيْكَل|temple, building|הֵיכָל|hêxāl|palace, temple|
|`-wa` -وَ|and|-וְ|-wǝ|*idem*|
|`wabala` وَبَلَ|to shed heavy rain (sky)|מָבּוּל|mābbūl|flood (n)|
|`watad` وَتَد|peg, pin|יָתֵד|yātēd|peg, hook, handle|
|`wajiʕa` وَجِعَ|to feel pain|יָגַע|yāgaʕ|to be weary, to feel tired|
|`waḥḥad` وَحَّد|to unite, make into one; to bring together|יָחַד|yāḥad|to be together; to be one|
|`waḥīd` وَحِيد|solitary, unique, only, alone |יָחִיד|yāḥīd|solitary, unique, only, alone|
|`widād` وِدَاد|love, friendšip|יְדִידוּת|yǝdīdūt|friendšip|
|`wariθa` وَرِثَ|to inherit|יָרַשׁ|yāraš|*idem*|
|`ward` وَرد|to come, arrive|יָרַד|yārad|to go down, descend|
|`warda` وَرْدَة|rose|וֶרֶד|wered|*idem*|
|`waraʕ` وَرَعْ|piety; caution, timidity, shyness|יָרַע|yāraʕ|to quiver|
|`wariq` وَرِق|leafy, green|יָרֹק|yārọq|greenery, green|
|`wark` وَرْك|hip, haunch, thigh|יָרֵךְ|yārēxǝ|thigh, hip|
|`warīd` وَرِيد|vein, jugular vein|וָרִיד|wārīd|jugular vein|
|`wazana` وَزَنَ|to weigh, balance|אִּזֵּן|ʔizzēn|*idem*|
|`wasana` وَسَنَ|to sleep, slumber|יָשֵׁן|yāšēn|to sleep|
|`waṣl` وَصْل|juncture, connection, union, linkage|אֵצֶל|ʔēṣel|beside, near, at, with|
|`waʕr` وَعْر|rugged, wild (terrain)|יַעַר|yaʕar|forest|
|`waʕað̣a` وَعَظَ|preach, admonish, exhort, warn|יָעַץ|yāʕaṣ|to advise|
|`waʕl` وَعْل|mountain goat|יָעֵל|yāʕēl|antelope|
|`wafaā` وَفَى|to be perfect, complete|יָפֶה|yāfeh|beautiful|
|`waqada` وَقَدَ|to ignite, burn|יָקַד|yāqad|to burn|
|`waqqara` وَقَّرَ|to honor, respect|יִקֵּר|yiqqēr|*idem*|
|`walad` وَلَد|child, son|יֶלֶד|yeled|boy|
|`walada` وَلَدَ|to bear (a child)|יָלַד|yālad|*idem*|
|`walwal` وَلْوَل|to lament, wail, howl|יִלֵּל|yillēl|to howl, weep, lament|
|`wahaba` وَهَبَ|to give, donate, grant|יָהַב|yāhav|to give, provide|
|`yabs` يَبْس|dry|יָבֵשׁ|yāvēš|*idem*|
|`yatīm` يَتِيم|orphan|יָתוֹם|yātōm|*idem*|
|`yad` يَد|hand|יָד|yād|*idem*|
|`yasār` يَسَار|left|יָשָׁר|yāšār|straight |
|`yaqað̣a` يَقَظَة|wakefulness|יְקִיצָה|yǝqīṣā|*idem*|
|`ymm` يمّ|open sea|יָם|yām|sea|
|`ymyn` يمين|right (hand)|יָמִין|yāmīn|*idem*|
|`yūbīl` يُوبِيل|jubilee, anniversary|יוֹבֵל|yōvēl|*idem*|
|`yawm` يَوْم|day|יוֹם|yōm|*idem*|
#### Sources Consulted
In English
Arts, Tressy (Chief editor). _Oxford Arabic Dictionary: Arabic-English English-Arabic._ New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Ben-Yehudah, Ehud, and David Weinstein (Editors). _Ben-Yehudah’s Pocket English-Hebrew Hebrew-English Dictionary_. New York: Pocket Books, 1964.
Bennett, Patrick R. _Comparative Semitic Linguistics: A Manual._ Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbraun’s, 1998.
Chomsky, William. _Hebrew: The Eternal Language_. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1957.
Horowitz, Edward. _How the Hebrew Language Grew._ New York: KTAV, 1960.
Jeffery, Arthur. _The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur’ān_. Baroda: Oriental Institute, 1938.
Klein, Ernest. _A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English._ Jerusalem: CARTA, 1987.
Levy, Ya’acov (Editor). _Oxford English-Hebrew Hebrew-English Dictionary._ Kernerman - Lonnie Kahn, 1995.
Wechter, Pinchas. _Ibn Barūn’s Arabic Works on Hebrew Grammar and Lexicography_. Philadelphia: The Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, 1964.
Wehr, Hans. Cowan, J. M. (Editor). _A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Arabic-English), 4th ed._ Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, 1994.
Wortabet, John, and Porter, Harvery. _Hippocrene Standard Dictionary Arabic-English English-Arabic_. New York: Hippocrene Books, 2005.
Zilberman, Shimon. _The Up-to-Date English-Hebrew Hebrew-English Dictionary 82,000 Entries._ Jerusalem: Zilberman, 2012.
In Arabic
السيّد ادّي شير. _معجم الألفاظ الفارسيّة المعرّبة ويحتوي على الألفاظ الفارسيّة، التركيّة، الكرديّة، الأراميّة، العبرانيّة، اليونانيّة، اللاتينيّة، السانسكريتيّة، الحبشيّة، الجرمانيّة، الانكليزيّة، الفرنسيّة، الايطاليانيّة، الرّوسيّة، والأرمنيّة_. بيروت: مكتبة لبنان، ١٩٩٠.
Addi Shir, Al-Sayyid. _mu‘jam al-alfādh al-fārisiyyah al-mu‘arrabah wa yaḥtawī ‘alā al-alfāẓ al-fārisiyyah, al-turkiyyah, al-kurdiyyah, al-arāmiyyah, al-‘ibrāniyyah, al-yūnāniyyah, al-lātīniyyah, al-sānskrītiyyah, al-ḥabašiyyah, al-jirmāniyyah, al-inkilīziyyah, al-faransiyyah, al-īṭāliyāniyyah, al-rūsiyyah, wa al-armaniyyah_ (_A Dictionary of Persian Loan-Words in the Arabic Language, Containing Also Loan-Words From Turkish, Kurdish, Aramaic, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, Ethiopic, Germanic, English, French, Italian, Russian, and Armenian_). Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1990.
In Hebrew
אבן–שושן, אברהם. מלון אבן שושן מחדש ומעדכן לשנות האלפים בששה כרכים. המלון החדש בע’מ, 2003.
Even Shoshan, Avraham. _millōn even shōshan mḥuddaš um‘udkan lišnōt ha’alpayim bšiššah krakhīm_ (_Even Shoshan Dictionary Renewed and Updated in Six Volumes_). Israel: hamillon heḥadaš (The New Dictionary), Ltd., 2003.
Online
_Almaany_ (Arabic-English dictionary)
http://www.almaany.com
Lewental, D. Gershon. _Rasmi or Asli?: Arabic’s Impact on Israeli Hebrew_ (DGL Notes, 27 January, 2012)
http://dglnotes.com/notes/arabic-hebrew.htm
_Milon Sapir_ (Hebrew-Hebrew dictionary)
http://www.milononline.net
_Milog_ (Hebrew-Hebrew dictionary)
http://milog.co.il
_Morfix_ (Hebrew-English dictionary)
http://www.morfix.co.il
Rajiki, Andras. _A.E.D: Arabic Etymological Dictionary_
https://www.academia.edu/4847281/Arabic\_Etymological\_Dictionary
Shehadeh, Haseeb. _Arabic Loanwords in Hebrew_ (“_Arabic Loanwords_,” Encylopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. Edited by: Geoffrey Khan. Leiden: Brill, 2013).
https://www.academia.edu/17784736/Arabic\_loanwords\_in\_Hebrew
_The Quranic Arabic Corpus_ (Morphological, syntactic, and semantic dictionary of the Quran)
http://corpus.quran.com
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