{"kind":"Article","sha256":"9f5a5f253ff57b8bb1f585bf36cef4b58fc5fc7a728b9ebea42c488dba78e029","slug":"mcp-intro","location":"/mcp/mcp_intro.md","dependencies":[],"frontmatter":{"title":"The microchannel plate to probe momentum correlations","short_title":"The MCP to probe momentum correlations","subtitle":"Correlation of single particles after a time-of-flight","authors":[{"nameParsed":{"literal":"Victor Gondret","given":"Victor","family":"Gondret"},"name":"Victor Gondret","orcid":"0009-0005-8468-161X","email":"victor.gondret@normalesup.org","affiliations":["Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS"],"url":"http://www.normalesup.org/~gondret/","id":"contributors-myst-generated-uid-0","corresponding":true}],"license":{"content":{"id":"CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0","name":"Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International","CC":true,"url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"}},"github":"https://github.com/QuantumVictor","keywords":[],"affiliations":[{"id":"Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS","name":"Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS"}],"abbreviations":{"MOT":"Magneto-Optical Trap","BEC":"Bose-Einstein Condensate","MCP":"Micro-Channel Plate","DCE":"Dynamical Casimir Effect","HBT":"Hanbury-Brown and Twiss","CFD":"Constant Fraction Discriminator","TDC":"Time-to-Digital Converter","FPGA":"Field Programmable Gate Array","AOM":"Acousto-Optics Modulator","RF":"Radio-frequency","ODT":"Optical Dipole Trap","IGBT":"Insulated-Gap Bipolar Transistor","MPQ":"Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics","PPT":"Positive Partial Transpose","SSR":"SuperSelection Rule","LN":"Logarithmic Negativity","UV":"UltraViolet","TOF":"Time-Of-Flight","TF":"Thomas-Fermi","CMB":"Cosmic Background Radiation"},"settings":{"myst_to_tex":{"codeStyle":"minted"}},"exports":[{"format":"md","filename":"mcp_intro.md","url":"/~gondret/phd_manuscript/build/mcp_intro-e007beb04920e7f04f3955776059e28c.md"}]},"mdast":{"type":"root","children":[{"type":"block","position":{"start":{"line":7,"column":1},"end":{"line":7,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"paragraph","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"The main advantage of using metastable helium lies in the ability to detect individual atoms. We therefore dedicate this chapter to the description of our detector, the MicroChannel Plate (","key":"v11KDEx4EB"},{"type":"abbreviation","title":"Micro-Channel Plate","children":[{"type":"text","value":"MCP","key":"KDw8QtdhBB"}],"key":"NaOof5i9oo"},{"type":"text","value":") and the delay lines. In the ","key":"zTlymcBcIB"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"first section","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"jLBAtrRnRn"}],"identifier":"from_metastable_to_electron","label":"from_metastable_to_electron","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"1","resolved":true,"html_id":"from-metastable-to-electron","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-base","dataUrl":"/mcp-base.json","key":"QQwabVYv0T"},{"type":"text","value":", we explain how the detector works (","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"N5bijzKmIT"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"section","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"nPCzxxaUVF"}],"identifier":"from_metastable_to_electron","label":"from_metastable_to_electron","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"1","resolved":true,"html_id":"from-metastable-to-electron","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-base","dataUrl":"/mcp-base.json","key":"C4ad0dfBk7"},{"type":"text","value":" ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"HJerGfjUD8"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"1","key":"cjOR0s5TqN"}],"identifier":"from_metastable_to_electron","label":"from_metastable_to_electron","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"1","resolved":true,"html_id":"from-metastable-to-electron","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-base","dataUrl":"/mcp-base.json","key":"hXazdhIUpk"},{"type":"text","value":") and allows to ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"xZPsD9lR4S"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"reconstruct","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"nbpTnJYOaS"}],"identifier":"reconstruction_subsection","label":"reconstruction_subsection","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"2","resolved":true,"html_id":"reconstruction-subsection","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-base","dataUrl":"/mcp-base.json","key":"rxYeIxTIHw"},{"type":"text","value":" the position and the arrival time of single atoms (","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"BRBg9HjkbZ"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"section","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"j8M4VXw2ZZ"}],"identifier":"reconstruction_subsection","label":"reconstruction_subsection","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"2","resolved":true,"html_id":"reconstruction-subsection","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-base","dataUrl":"/mcp-base.json","key":"ERPsQtta0a"},{"type":"text","value":" ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"nKhrxxjXPi"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2","key":"DiwYjWQjIV"}],"identifier":"reconstruction_subsection","label":"reconstruction_subsection","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"2","resolved":true,"html_id":"reconstruction-subsection","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-base","dataUrl":"/mcp-base.json","key":"xYqK1fIqif"},{"type":"text","value":"). We describe in particular the details of the reconstruction program. In the second section, we detail the installation of a shield that protects the ","key":"JjwOleURyu"},{"type":"abbreviation","title":"Micro-Channel Plate","children":[{"type":"text","value":"MCP","key":"YyoNVaLuar"}],"key":"WVkHj7m7js"},{"type":"text","value":", which was heated by the vertical laser. The last ","key":"r8S4wM2Nk2"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"section","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"IZEkQ3gzuR"}],"identifier":"description_glauber","label":"description_glauber","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"1","resolved":true,"html_id":"description-glauber","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-physics","dataUrl":"/mcp-physics.json","key":"ZGlkVbtgdo"},{"type":"text","value":" ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"qFu9OyVPaG"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"models","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"U9k3fidqeG"}],"identifier":"description_glauber","label":"description_glauber","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"1","resolved":true,"html_id":"description-glauber","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-physics","dataUrl":"/mcp-physics.json","key":"rlHnkvJzNz"},{"type":"text","value":" the ","key":"dmLexdJ1XB"},{"type":"abbreviation","title":"Micro-Channel Plate","children":[{"type":"text","value":"MCP","key":"KCiXwCLixw"}],"key":"Y5VokisHyI"},{"type":"text","value":" as ","key":"jhSwYPqcyl"},{"type":"inlineMath","value":"N","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"html":"<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">N</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"strut\" style=\"height:0.6833em;\"></span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.10903em;\">N</span></span></span></span>","key":"bE1oJU98V9"},{"type":"text","value":" parallel on-off detectors. We also emphasize the limits of the detector: the ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"OGPHTJOZYW"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"maximum number of particles","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"ImGEO2bflr"}],"identifier":"max_particles_per_mode","label":"max_particles_per_mode","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"2","resolved":true,"html_id":"max-particles-per-mode","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-physics","dataUrl":"/mcp-physics.json","key":"SI9UGjTdxg"},{"type":"text","value":" that can be detected in ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"xEwloeF15g"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"section","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"sF1uvusrX0"}],"identifier":"max_particles_per_mode","label":"max_particles_per_mode","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"2","resolved":true,"html_id":"max-particles-per-mode","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-physics","dataUrl":"/mcp-physics.json","key":"SZUsovdMcu"},{"type":"text","value":" ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"RcGPaJtXVv"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"2","key":"YiN1bUBSmd"}],"identifier":"max_particles_per_mode","label":"max_particles_per_mode","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"2","resolved":true,"html_id":"max-particles-per-mode","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-physics","dataUrl":"/mcp-physics.json","key":"OpLn1ECPsz"},{"type":"text","value":" and the ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"ETjx6dggh0"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"saturation","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"GK12sXFTXu"}],"identifier":"saturation_of_the_detector","label":"saturation_of_the_detector","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"3","resolved":true,"html_id":"saturation-of-the-detector","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-physics","dataUrl":"/mcp-physics.json","key":"OAGjT66i7A"},{"type":"text","value":" issues in ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"vXDOZKJP3O"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"section","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"C4rxjyIwNv"}],"identifier":"saturation_of_the_detector","label":"saturation_of_the_detector","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"3","resolved":true,"html_id":"saturation-of-the-detector","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-physics","dataUrl":"/mcp-physics.json","key":"szXezw3u94"},{"type":"text","value":" ","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"X0GQZBYlcz"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"3","key":"X5pqnn0fn3"}],"identifier":"saturation_of_the_detector","label":"saturation_of_the_detector","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"3","resolved":true,"html_id":"saturation-of-the-detector","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-physics","dataUrl":"/mcp-physics.json","key":"cLU1UgsIdH"},{"type":"text","value":".","position":{"start":{"line":9,"column":1},"end":{"line":9,"column":1}},"key":"SxTs2UKw32"}],"key":"kSQvYSbdV9"},{"type":"comment","value":"The full description of the detector will give us access to its resolution. As we are studying bosons, we will take advantage of the bosonic bunching to measure the resolution. The study of this so-called Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect will be the occasion to introduce how we compute correlations.","position":{"start":{"line":11,"column":1},"end":{"line":11,"column":1}},"key":"KGA2Vk0Lly"}],"data":{"part":"abstract"},"key":"Zg1nLXL95r"},{"type":"block","position":{"start":{"line":13,"column":1},"end":{"line":13,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"admonition","kind":"tip","children":[{"type":"admonitionTitle","children":[{"type":"text","value":"What we knew, what is new ?","position":{"start":{"line":18,"column":1},"end":{"line":18,"column":1}},"key":"VbfNKotBk5"}],"key":"hg0wcocQjf"},{"type":"paragraph","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"The installation of the ","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"key":"zdbKym6qlN"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"shield","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"key":"RZo6GSrOyf"}],"identifier":"pastille_installation_section","label":"pastille_installation_section","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"1","resolved":true,"html_id":"pastille-installation-section","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-in-real-life","dataUrl":"/mcp-in-real-life.json","key":"LREZIIe0m5"},{"type":"text","value":" to protect the ","key":"TT50k2ZaDC"},{"type":"abbreviation","title":"Micro-Channel Plate","children":[{"type":"text","value":"MCP","key":"HyJ05jzg20"}],"key":"rtRIdQUrvj"},{"type":"text","value":" was done in the early stage of my work in the laboratory. Its side effect on the ","key":"K9EiAUfkIj"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"detectivity","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"key":"vtymLipaaK"}],"identifier":"offset_section","label":"offset_section","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"2","resolved":true,"html_id":"offset-section","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-in-real-life","dataUrl":"/mcp-in-real-life.json","key":"sUNYccge5Q"},{"type":"text","value":" led us to work on and change the ","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"key":"jWSGfSJNMm"},{"type":"crossReference","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"children":[{"type":"text","value":"reconstruction","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"key":"qOvyNMZ2Ga"}],"identifier":"reconstruction_subsection","label":"reconstruction_subsection","kind":"heading","template":"Section %s","enumerator":"2","resolved":true,"html_id":"reconstruction-subsection","remote":true,"url":"/mcp-base","dataUrl":"/mcp-base.json","key":"lFmXwOLLDi"},{"type":"text","value":" program that are described here.","position":{"start":{"line":20,"column":1},"end":{"line":20,"column":1}},"key":"niaBhflcAy"}],"key":"FETyEocS8E"},{"type":"comment","value":"The that build back the atomic distribution from the signal of the MCP was changed. A [shield](#pastille_installation_section) was added on the top of the MCP to prevent the laser to cause it more damage. The last [section](#description_glauber) focuses on various aspects of the detector in an original way and [summarize](#transverse_detection) previous works.","position":{"start":{"line":22,"column":1},"end":{"line":22,"column":1}},"key":"b4AjfgJecz"}],"key":"Nm1XFmVair"}],"key":"NaVi1RyVNn"}],"key":"BlXqjn1KrA"},"references":{"cite":{"order":[],"data":{}}},"footer":{"navigation":{"prev":{"title":"Measuring the BEC properties","short_title":"Measuring the BEC properties","url":"/bec-mesure","group":"On the entanglement of quasi-particles in a Bose-Einstein condensate"},"next":{"title":"MCP detection principle","short_title":"MCP and delay line to detect single atoms","url":"/mcp-base","group":"On the entanglement of quasi-particles in a Bose-Einstein condensate"}}},"domain":"http://localhost:3011"}