General references

   

    Here are indicated the main papers that describe Drosophila embryonic and larval sensory organs.



Description of each abdominal sensory organ cell has been investigated and refined from 1930 to now on: additional cells have been noticed, some mono-innervated organs have been found to be actually bi-innervated organs, "no-dendrite neurons" have been found retrospectively to be multidendritic etc.

    Here are the descriptions of the abdominal sensory organ pattern A1-A7, starting from 1930. Please note that there are slight differences between most of these descriptions.

Hertweck, H. 1931. Anatomie und Variabilität des nervensystems und der Sinnesorgane von Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen). Z wiss Zool 139, pp. 559-663.

Kankel, D. R., Ferrus, A., Garen, S. H., Harte, P. J. and Lewis, P., 1980. The structure and development of the nervous system. In: The Genetics of Drosophila, vol. 2d, ed. M. Ashburner and T.R. F. Wright, pp. 295-368. London. Academic Press.

Campos-Ortega, J. A. and Hartenstein, V. 1985. The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. Berlin/Heidelberg/New-York/Tokyo.: Springer-Verlag.

Hartenstein, V. and Campos-Ortega, J. A. 1986. The peripheral nervous system of mutants of early neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195, pp. 210-221.

Dambly-Chaudiere, C. and Ghysen, A. 1986. The sense organs in the Drosophila larva and their relation to embryonic pattern of sensory neurons. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195, pp. 222-228.

Ghysen, A., Dambly-Chaudiere, C., Aceves, E., Jan, L. Y. and Jan, Y. N. 1986. Sensory neurons and peripheral pathways in Drosophila embryos. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195, pp. 281-289.

Bodmer, R. and Jan, Y. N. 1987. Morphological differentiation of the embryonic peripheral neurons in Drosophila. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 196, pp. 69-77.

Hartenstein, V. 1988. Development of Drosophila larval sensory organs : spatiotemporal pattern of sensory neurones, peripheral axonal pathways and sensilla differentiation. Development 102, pp. 869-886.

Kuhn D.T., Sawyer M., Packert G., Turenchalk G., Mack J. A., Sprey T. E., Gustavson E., Kornberg, T.B. 1992. Development of the D. melanogaster caudal segments involves suppression of the ventral regions of A8, A9 and A10. Development 116, pp. 11-20. Medline

Kuhn D.T., Sawyer M., Ventimiglia, J. and Sprey T. E. 1992. Cuticle morphology changes with each larval molt in D. melanogaster. D.I.S. 71, pp. 218-222.

Campos-Ortega, J.-A. and Hartenstein, V. 1997. The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. Berlin/Heidelberg/New-York/Tokyo.: Springer-Verlag.



Description of the dendritic arborization of multidendritic neurons is given in:

Bodmer, R. and Jan, Y. N. 1987. Morphological differentiation of the embryonic peripheral neurons in Drosophila. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 196, pp. 69-77.

Gao FB, Brenman JE, Jan LY, Jan YN. 1999. Genes regulating dendritic outgrowth, branching, and routing in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 13, pp. 2549-61. Medline

Sweeney NT, Li W, Gao FB. 2002. Genetic manipulation of single neurons in vivo reveals specific roles of flamingo in neuronal morphogenesis. Dev Biol 247, pp. 76-88. Medline

Grueber, W.B., Jan, L.Y. and Jan, Y.N., 2002. Tiling of the Drosophila epidermis by multidendritic sensory neurons. Development 129, pp. 2867–2878. Medline



Description of axonal pathways is given in:

Campos-Ortega, J. A. and Hartenstein, V. 1985. The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. Berlin/Heidelberg/New-York/Tokyo.: Springer-Verlag.

Ghysen, A., Dambly-Chaudiere, C., Aceves, E., Jan, L. Y. and Jan, Y. N. 1986. Sensory neurons and peripheral pathways in Drosophila embryos. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195, pp. 281-289.

Bodmer, R. and Jan, Y. N. 1987. Morphological differentiation of the embryonic peripheral neurons in Drosophila. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 196, pp. 69-77.

Hartenstein, V. 1988. Development of Drosophila larval sensory organs : spatiotemporal pattern of sensory neurones, peripheral axonal pathways and sensilla differentiation. Development 102, pp. 869-886.

Merritt, D. J. and Whitington, P. M. 1995. Central projections of sensory neurons in the Drosophila embryo correlate with sensory modality, soma position, and proneural gene function. J Neurosci 15, pp. 1755-67. Medline
(please note that the nomenclature used in this paper for dorsal and ventral md neuron does not fully correspond to the nomenclature used here)

Campos-Ortega, J.-A. and Hartenstein, V. 1997. The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. Berlin/Heidelberg/New-York/Tokyo.: Springer-Verlag.

Schrader, S. and Merritt, D.J. 2000. Central projections of Drosophila sensory neurons in the transition from embryo to larva. J Comp Neurol. 425, pp. 34-44. Medline

Harris, K.L. and Whitington, P.M. 2001. Pathfinding by sensory axons in Drosophila: substrates and choice points in early lch5 axon outgrowth. J Neurobiol. 48, pp. 243-55. Medline

Zlatic M, Landgraf M, Bate M. 2003. Genetic specification of axonal arbors: atonal regulates robo3 to position terminal branches in the Drosophila nervous system. Neuron 37, pp. 41-51. Medline

Grueber WB, Ye B, Yang CH, Younger S, Borden K, Jan LY, Jan YN. 2007. Projections of Drosophila multidendritic neurons in the central nervous system: links with peripheral dendrite morphology. Development. 134(1):55-64. Medline


Description of the developmental changes from late embryonic PNS to third instar larva PNS, and even to the adult:

no gross change in sensory organ pattern:

Dambly-Chaudiere, C. and Ghysen, A. 1986. The sense organs in the Drosophila larva and their relation to embryonic pattern of sensory neurons. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195, pp. 222-228.

Kuhn D.T., Sawyer M., Ventimiglia, J. and Sprey T. E. 1992. Cuticle morphology changes with each larval molt in D. melanogaster. D.I.S. 71, pp. 218-222.

Campos-Ortega, J.-A. and Hartenstein, V. 1997. The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster. Berlin/Heidelberg/New-York/Tokyo.: Springer-Verlag.


remodeling of axons and dendrites: (not exhaustive)

Schrader S. and Merritt, D.J. 2000. Central projections of Drosophila sensory neurons in the transition from embryo to larva. J Comp Neurol. 425, pp. 34-44. Medline

Zlatic M, Landgraf M, Bate M. 2003. Genetic specification of axonal arbors: atonal regulates robo3 to position terminal branches in the Drosophila nervous system. Neuron 37, pp. 41-51. Medline

Grueber, W. B., Ye, B., Moore, A. W., Jan, L. Y. and Jan, Y. N. 2003. Dendrites of distinct classes of Drosophila sensory neurons show different capacities for homotypic repulsion. Curr Biol 13, pp. 618-26. Medline

Sugimura, K., Yamamoto, M., Niwa, R., Satoh, D., Goto, S., Taniguchi, M., Hayashi, S. and Uemura T. 2003. Distinct developmental modes and lesion-induced reactions of dendrites of two classes of Drosophila sensory neurons. J Neurosci. 23, pp. 3752-60. Medline

Williams, D.W. and Truman, J.W. 2004. Mechanisms of dendritic elaboration of sensory neurons in Drosophila: insights from in vivo time lapse. J Neurosci. 24, pp.1541-50. Medline

Kuo CT, Jan LY, Jan YN. Dendrite-specific remodeling of Drosophila sensory neurons requires matrix metalloproteases, ubiquitin-proteasome, and ecdysone signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 102, pp. 15230-5. Medline

Williams DW, Truman JW. Cellular mechanisms of dendrite pruning in Drosophila: insights from in vivo time-lapse of remodeling dendritic arborizing sensory neurons. Development. 2005 132, pp. 3631-42. Medline

apoptosis of specific sensory cells, survival of others during metamorphosis:

Shepherd, D. and Smith, S. A. 1996. Central projections of persistent larval sensory neurons prefigure adult sensory pathways in the CNS of Drosophila. Development 122, pp. 2375-84. Medline

Williams, D. W. and Shepherd, D. 1999. Persistent larval sensory neurons in adult Drosophila melanogaster. J Neurobiol 39, pp. 275-86. Medline

Usui-Ishihara, A., Simpson, P. and Usui, K. 2000. Larval multidendrite neurons survive metamorphosis and participate in the formation of imaginal sensory axonal pathways in the notum of Drosophila. Dev Biol 225, pp. 357-69. Medline

Williams, D. W. and Shepherd, D. 2002. Persistent larval sensory neurones are required for the normal development of the adult sensory afferent projections in Drosophila. Development 129:617-24. Medline

Williams DW, Truman JW. Cellular mechanisms of dendrite pruning in Drosophila: insights from in vivo time-lapse of remodeling dendritic arborizing sensory neurons. Development. 2005 132:3631-42. Medline



probable functions of multidendritic neurons:

tension-sensitive, mechanoreceptor, proprioceptor:

Osborne, M.P., 1963. The sensory neurones and sensilla in the abdomen and thorax of the blowfly larva. Quart. J. Micr. Sci. 104: 227-241. Medline
Such a function was suggested by the author for Calliphora multidendritic neurons according to their dendritic arborization. This paper has later been cited as an indication of the possible same function in D. melanogaster.

Adams, C.M., Anderson, M.G., Motto, D.G., Price, M.P., Johnson, W.A., Welsh, M.J., 1998. Ripped pocket and pickpocket, novel Drosophila DEG/ENaC subunits expressed in early development and in mechanosensory neurons. J Cell Biol. 140: 143-52.  Medline

Schrader S. and Merritt, D.J. 2000. Central projections of Drosophila sensory neurons in the transition from embryo to larva. J Comp Neurol. 425, pp. 34-44. Medline

Grueber, W.B., Jan, L.Y. and Jan, Y.N., 2002. Tiling of the Drosophila epidermis by multidendritic sensory neurons. Development 129: 2867-2878. Medline

Hughes, C.L., and Thomas, J.B. 2007. A sensory feedback circuit coordinates muscle activity in Drosophila. Mol Cell Neurosci 35: 383-396.

Song, W., Onishi, M., Jan, L.Y., and Jan, Y.N. 2007. Peripheral multidendritic sensory neurons are necessary for rhythmic locomotion behavior in Drosophila larvae. PNAS 104: 5199-5204.

temperature-sensitive:

Liu, L., Yermolaieva, O., Johnson, W.A., Abboud, F.M., Welsh, M.J. 2003. Identification and function of thermosensory neurons in Drosophila larvae. Nat Neurosci. 6, pp. 267-73. Medline

Tracey, W.D. Jr, Wilson, R.I., Laurent, G., Benzer, S. 2003. painless, a Drosophila gene essential for nociception. Cell 113,pp. 261-73. Medline

nociceptor:

Tracey, W.D. Jr, Wilson, R.I., Laurent, G., Benzer, S. 2003. painless, a Drosophila gene essential for nociception. Cell 113,pp. 261-73. Medline

Zhang, W., Ge, W., Wang, Z. 2007. A toolbox for light control of Drosophila behaviors through Channelrhodopsin 2-mediated photoactivation of targeted neurons. Eur J Neurosci 26: 2405-2416.

Hwang, R.W., Zhong, L., Xu, Y., Johnson, T., Zhang, F., Deisseroth, K., Tracey W.D. Jr. 2007. Nociceptive neurons protect Drosophila larvae from parasitiod wasps Curr Biol 17, pp. 2105-2116. Medline

neurosecretory:

Hewes, R.S., Park, D., Gauthier, S.A., Schaefer, A.M., Taghert, P.H. 2003. The bHLH protein Dimmed controls neuroendocrine cell differentiation in Drosophila. Development 130, pp. 1771-81. Medline






Description of sensory organ development:
(not exhaustive)

proneural genes:

Dambly-Chaudiere, C. and Ghysen, A. 1987. Independent subpatterns of sense organs require independent genes of the achaete-scute complex in Drosophila larvae. Genes & Development 1, pp. 297-306.

Jarman, A. P., Grau, Y., Jan, L. Y. and Jan, Y. N. 1993. atonal is a proneural gene that directs chordotonal organ formation in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system. Cell 73, pp. 1307-1321. Medline

Ruiz-Gomez, M. and Ghysen, A. 1993. The expression and role of a proneural gene, achaete, in the development of the larval nervous system of Drosophila. EMBO J. 12, pp. 1121-30. Medline

Huang, M.-H., Hsu, C.-H. and Chien, C.-T. 2000. The proneural gene amos promotes multiple dendritic neuron formation in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system. Neuron 25, pp. 57-67. Medline

Marcellini S, Gibert JM, Simpson P.  achaete, but not scute, is dispensable for the peripheral nervous system of Drosophila. Dev Biol. 2005 Sep 15;285(2):545-53. Medline

cell lineages:

Bodmer, R. and Jan, Y.N., 1987. Morphological differentiation of the embryonic peripheral neurons in Drosophila. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 196, pp. 69–77.

Brewster, R. and Bodmer, R., 1995. Origin and specification of type II sensory neurons in Drosophila. Development 121, pp. 2923–2936. Medline

Vervoort, M., Merritt, D. J., Ghysen, A. and Dambly-Chaudiere, C. 1997. Genetic basis of the formation and identity of type I and type II neurons in Drosophila embryos. Development 124, pp. 2819-2828. Medline

Orgogozo, V., Schweisguth, F. and Bellaïche, Y., 2001. Lineage, cell polarity and inscuteable function in the peripheral nervous system of the Drosophila embryo. Development 128, pp. 631–643. Medline

Orgogozo, V., Schweisguth, F. and Bellaiche, Y., 2002. Binary cell death decision regulated by unequal partitioning of Numb at mitosis. Development 129, pp. 4677–4684. Medline

Umesono, Y., Hiromi, Y. and Hotta, Y., 2002. Context-dependent utilization of Notch activity in Drosophila glial determination. Development 129, pp. 2391–2399. Medline

Lai, E.C. and Orgogozo, V., 2004. A hidden program in Drosophila peripheral neurogenesis revealed: fundamental principles underlying sensory organ diversity. Dev Biol. 269, pp. 1-17. Medline
(review)

cell recruitment:

zur Lage, P., Jan, Y.N. and Jarman, A.P., 1997. Requirement for EGF receptor signalling in neural recruitment during formation of Drosophila chordotonal sense organ clusters [see comments] . Curr. Biol. 7, pp. 166–175. Medline

Okabe, M. and Okano, H., 1997. Two-step induction of chordotonal organ precursors in Drosophila embryogenesis. Development 124, pp. 1045–1053. Medline

Rusten, T.E., Cantera, R., Urban, J., Technau, G., Kafatos, F.C. and Barrio, R., 2001. Spalt modifies EGFR-mediated induction of chordotonal precursors in the embryonic PNS of Drosophila promoting the development of oenocytes. Development 128, pp. 711–722. Medline

Elstob, P.R., Brodu, V. and Gould, A.P. 2001. Spalt-dependent switching between two cell fates that are induced by the Drosophila EGF receptor. Development. 128, pp. 723-32. Medline

Gould, A. P., Elstob, P. R. and Brodu, V. 2001. Insect oenocytes: a model system for studying cell-fate specification by Hox genes. J Anat 199, pp. 25-33. Medline
(review)

Lai, E.C. and Orgogozo, V., 2004. A hidden program in Drosophila peripheral neurogenesis revealed: fundamental principles underlying sensory organ diversity. Dev Biol. 269, pp. 1-17. Medline
(review)

Inbal, A., Volk, T. and Salzberg, A. 2004. Recruitment of ectodermal attachment cells via an EGFR-dependent mechanism during the organogenesis of Drosophila proprioceptors. Dev Cell. 7, pp.241-50. Medline


Comments and additions are welcome at: Virginie.Orgogozo snv.jussieu.fr